Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • We found that ZmRAFS mutant maize plants completely lack raffinose and hyper-accumulate galactinol and are more sensitive to drought stress than the corresponding null-segregant (NS) plants.
  • ZmRAFS overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought stress tolerance by increasing myo-inositol levels via ZmRAFS-mediated galactinol hydrolysis in the leaves due to sucrose insufficiency in leaf cells and also enhanced raffinose synthesis in the seeds.
  • ZmRAFS is induced by drought, heat, cold, and salinity stresses.
  • ZmRAFS enhances plant drought tolerance through either raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis, depending on sucrose availability in plant cells.
  • Overexpression of ZmRAFS in Arabidopsis enhanced galactinol hydrolysis rather than raffinose synthesis in leaves yet still enhanced drought stress tolerance.

Literature:

Gene Resources:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >Zm00001eb122980_T001
    TCCGCAAAACAAAACACCAACCTTTAGCACCAGGCAAACCAAACACTAGGCCAACGCAATTCTCTAGAGCACTGTAGGCTCTAGTTCTCCAGAGGCCCGCCACAACCACAAGCCAAGGCCACAGCCAGTGCCCTCGCCATGGCTCCCAACCTCAGCAAGAAGACGCCTGCTGGCCTCCTCGGCGACGAGGTGGCCCCGGTGGAGGGACTCAAGCCGTCGCGGTTCACCCTTAAGGGCAAGGACCTGGCCGTGGACGGGCACCCGGTCCTGCTGGACGTGCCGGCCAACATCCGTCTCACCCCGGCGTCGACGCTCGTGCCCGCCGCGGACGTCCCCGCAGCGGGCGGCGGCAGCTTCCTCGGCTTCGACGCGGCGGCGGCCGAGAGCCGGCACGTGGTGCCCGTCGGAAAGCTCCGTGACATTCGGTTCATGAGCATCTTCCGTTTCAAGGTGTGGTGGACGACGCACTGGGTGGGGGACAGCGGCAGGGACGTGGAGAACGAGACGCAGATGATGGTGCTCGACCGCTCCGCCGGCGAGCCCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGACCCTACGTGCTGCTGCTCCCCATCATCGAGGGCTCGTTCCGGGCCTGCCTCGAGGCCGGGAAGGTGGAAGACTACGTGGACCTGTGCGTGGAGAGCGGGTCGTCGGCGGTGCGCGGCGCCGCGTTCCGGAGCTCGCTGTACCTGCACGCGGGCGACGACCCGTTCGAGCTCGTCGCGGACGCCGTCAGGGTGGTCCGTGCGCACCTGGGCACGTTCCGGACCATGGAGGAGAAGACGCCGCCGCCGATCGTGGACAAGTTCGGGTGGTGCACGTGGGACGCCTTCTACCTCAAGGTGCACCCGGAGGGCGTGTGGGAGGGCGTGCGCCGCCTGGCGGAGGGCGGCTGCCCGCCGGGGCTGGTGCTCATCGACGACGGCTGGCAGTCCATCTGCCACGACGAGGACGACCCGAACAGCGGCGAGGAGGGCATGAACCGCACCTCCGCCGGCGAGCAGATGCCCTGCCGCCTCATCAAGTTCCAGGAGAACCACAAGTTCAGGGAGTACAAGCAGGGCGGGATGGGCGCGTTCGTGCGGGAGATGAAGGCGGCGTTCCCCACCGTGGAGCAGGTGTACGTGTGGCACGCGCTGTGCGGGTACTGGGGCGGCCTCCGCCCCGGCGCGCCCGGCCTGCCGCCCGCCAAGGTGGTGGCGCCCAAGCTCTCCCCCGGCCTGCAGCGCACCATGGAGGACCTCGCCGTCGACAAGATCGTCAACAACGGTGTCGGCCTCGTCGACCCCAAGCGCGCGCACGAGCTCTACGATGGTTTGCACTCCCACCTCCAGGCCTCCGGCATCGACGGCGTCAAGGTCGACGTCATTCACTTGCTGGAGATGCTGTGCGAGGAGTACGGCGGCCGTGTCGAGCTGGCCAAGGCCTACTTCGCCGGGCTGACGGCGTCGGTGCGGCGGCACTTCGGCGGCAACGGCGTGATCGCGAGCATGGAGCACTGCAACGACTTCATGCTGCTGGGCACGGAGGCGGTGGCGCTGGGCCGCGTGGGCGACGACTTCTGGTGCACGGACCCCTCCGGCGACCCCAACGGCACCTTCTGGCTGCAGGGGTGCCACATGGTGCACTGCGCCTACAACTCGCTGTGGATGGGCAACTTCATCCACCCGGACTGGGACATGTTCCAGTCCACGCACCCCTGCGCCGCCTTCCACGCCGCGTCCCGCGCCATCTCCGGCGGGCCCATCTACGTCAGCGACTCGGTGGGGCAGCACGACTTCGCGCTGCTCCGCCGCCTGGCGCTCCCCGACGGCACCGTCCTCCGGTGCGAGGGCCACGCGCTGCCCACGCGCGACTGCCTCTTCGCCGACCCGCTCCACGACGGCCGGACCGTGCTCAAGATCTGGAACGTGAACCGCTTCGCCGGCGTCGTCGGCGCCTTCAACTGCCAGGGCGGCGGGTGGAGCCCCGAGGCGCGGCGGAACAAGTGCTTCTCGGAGTTCTCCGTGCCCCTGGCCGCGCGCGCCTCGCCGTCCGACGTCGAATGGAAGAGCGGCAAAGCGGGACCAGGCGTCAGCGTCAAGGGCGTCTCCCAGTTCGCCGTGTACGCGGTCGAGGCCAGGACGCTGCAGCTGCTGCGCCCCGACGAGGGCGTCGACCTCACGCTGCAGCCCTTCACCTACGAGCTCTTCGTCGTCGCCCCCGTGCGCGTCATCTCGCACGAGCGGGCCATCAAGTTCGCGCCCATCGGACTCGCCAACATGCTCAACACCGCCGGCGCCGTGCAGGCGTTCGAGGCCAAGAAAGATGCTAGCGGCGTCACGGCAGAGGTGTTCGTGAAGGGCGCAGGGGAGCTGGTGGCGTACTCGTCGGCGACGCCCAGGCTCTGCAAGGTGAACGGCGACGAGGCCGAGTTCACGTACAAGGACGGCGTGGTCACCGTCGACGTGCCGTGGTCGGGGTCGTCGTCGAAGCTGTGTCGCGTCCAGTACGTCTACTGAGCCGGACGGGCCGATGACTCTGCTCCCTGCTGGCCTGCTCAGGACGCAATAATCTAATGTTTAGAGCTTACCAAGTTTTACAGCTCTATCAGTTTACTTTTGTTTGTCTGCTCTTCGTTTTTTAAGAATTATTTCTATTGTGTGAATTAATGAGTGCTTTCCTTCTAGTTTTC
CDS Sequence
  • >Zm00001eb122980_T001
    ATGGCTCCCAACCTCAGCAAGAAGACGCCTGCTGGCCTCCTCGGCGACGAGGTGGCCCCGGTGGAGGGACTCAAGCCGTCGCGGTTCACCCTTAAGGGCAAGGACCTGGCCGTGGACGGGCACCCGGTCCTGCTGGACGTGCCGGCCAACATCCGTCTCACCCCGGCGTCGACGCTCGTGCCCGCCGCGGACGTCCCCGCAGCGGGCGGCGGCAGCTTCCTCGGCTTCGACGCGGCGGCGGCCGAGAGCCGGCACGTGGTGCCCGTCGGAAAGCTCCGTGACATTCGGTTCATGAGCATCTTCCGTTTCAAGGTGTGGTGGACGACGCACTGGGTGGGGGACAGCGGCAGGGACGTGGAGAACGAGACGCAGATGATGGTGCTCGACCGCTCCGCCGGCGAGCCCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGACCCTACGTGCTGCTGCTCCCCATCATCGAGGGCTCGTTCCGGGCCTGCCTCGAGGCCGGGAAGGTGGAAGACTACGTGGACCTGTGCGTGGAGAGCGGGTCGTCGGCGGTGCGCGGCGCCGCGTTCCGGAGCTCGCTGTACCTGCACGCGGGCGACGACCCGTTCGAGCTCGTCGCGGACGCCGTCAGGGTGGTCCGTGCGCACCTGGGCACGTTCCGGACCATGGAGGAGAAGACGCCGCCGCCGATCGTGGACAAGTTCGGGTGGTGCACGTGGGACGCCTTCTACCTCAAGGTGCACCCGGAGGGCGTGTGGGAGGGCGTGCGCCGCCTGGCGGAGGGCGGCTGCCCGCCGGGGCTGGTGCTCATCGACGACGGCTGGCAGTCCATCTGCCACGACGAGGACGACCCGAACAGCGGCGAGGAGGGCATGAACCGCACCTCCGCCGGCGAGCAGATGCCCTGCCGCCTCATCAAGTTCCAGGAGAACCACAAGTTCAGGGAGTACAAGCAGGGCGGGATGGGCGCGTTCGTGCGGGAGATGAAGGCGGCGTTCCCCACCGTGGAGCAGGTGTACGTGTGGCACGCGCTGTGCGGGTACTGGGGCGGCCTCCGCCCCGGCGCGCCCGGCCTGCCGCCCGCCAAGGTGGTGGCGCCCAAGCTCTCCCCCGGCCTGCAGCGCACCATGGAGGACCTCGCCGTCGACAAGATCGTCAACAACGGTGTCGGCCTCGTCGACCCCAAGCGCGCGCACGAGCTCTACGATGGTTTGCACTCCCACCTCCAGGCCTCCGGCATCGACGGCGTCAAGGTCGACGTCATTCACTTGCTGGAGATGCTGTGCGAGGAGTACGGCGGCCGTGTCGAGCTGGCCAAGGCCTACTTCGCCGGGCTGACGGCGTCGGTGCGGCGGCACTTCGGCGGCAACGGCGTGATCGCGAGCATGGAGCACTGCAACGACTTCATGCTGCTGGGCACGGAGGCGGTGGCGCTGGGCCGCGTGGGCGACGACTTCTGGTGCACGGACCCCTCCGGCGACCCCAACGGCACCTTCTGGCTGCAGGGGTGCCACATGGTGCACTGCGCCTACAACTCGCTGTGGATGGGCAACTTCATCCACCCGGACTGGGACATGTTCCAGTCCACGCACCCCTGCGCCGCCTTCCACGCCGCGTCCCGCGCCATCTCCGGCGGGCCCATCTACGTCAGCGACTCGGTGGGGCAGCACGACTTCGCGCTGCTCCGCCGCCTGGCGCTCCCCGACGGCACCGTCCTCCGGTGCGAGGGCCACGCGCTGCCCACGCGCGACTGCCTCTTCGCCGACCCGCTCCACGACGGCCGGACCGTGCTCAAGATCTGGAACGTGAACCGCTTCGCCGGCGTCGTCGGCGCCTTCAACTGCCAGGGCGGCGGGTGGAGCCCCGAGGCGCGGCGGAACAAGTGCTTCTCGGAGTTCTCCGTGCCCCTGGCCGCGCGCGCCTCGCCGTCCGACGTCGAATGGAAGAGCGGCAAAGCGGGACCAGGCGTCAGCGTCAAGGGCGTCTCCCAGTTCGCCGTGTACGCGGTCGAGGCCAGGACGCTGCAGCTGCTGCGCCCCGACGAGGGCGTCGACCTCACGCTGCAGCCCTTCACCTACGAGCTCTTCGTCGTCGCCCCCGTGCGCGTCATCTCGCACGAGCGGGCCATCAAGTTCGCGCCCATCGGACTCGCCAACATGCTCAACACCGCCGGCGCCGTGCAGGCGTTCGAGGCCAAGAAAGATGCTAGCGGCGTCACGGCAGAGGTGTTCGTGAAGGGCGCAGGGGAGCTGGTGGCGTACTCGTCGGCGACGCCCAGGCTCTGCAAGGTGAACGGCGACGAGGCCGAGTTCACGTACAAGGACGGCGTGGTCACCGTCGACGTGCCGTGGTCGGGGTCGTCGTCGAAGCTGTGTCGCGTCCAGTACGTCTACTGA
Protein Sequence
  • >Zm00001eb122980_P001
    MAPNLSKKTPAGLLGDEVAPVEGLKPSRFTLKGKDLAVDGHPVLLDVPANIRLTPASTLVPAADVPAAGGGSFLGFDAAAAESRHVVPVGKLRDIRFMSIFRFKVWWTTHWVGDSGRDVENETQMMVLDRSAGEPGGGGRPYVLLLPIIEGSFRACLEAGKVEDYVDLCVESGSSAVRGAAFRSSLYLHAGDDPFELVADAVRVVRAHLGTFRTMEEKTPPPIVDKFGWCTWDAFYLKVHPEGVWEGVRRLAEGGCPPGLVLIDDGWQSICHDEDDPNSGEEGMNRTSAGEQMPCRLIKFQENHKFREYKQGGMGAFVREMKAAFPTVEQVYVWHALCGYWGGLRPGAPGLPPAKVVAPKLSPGLQRTMEDLAVDKIVNNGVGLVDPKRAHELYDGLHSHLQASGIDGVKVDVIHLLEMLCEEYGGRVELAKAYFAGLTASVRRHFGGNGVIASMEHCNDFMLLGTEAVALGRVGDDFWCTDPSGDPNGTFWLQGCHMVHCAYNSLWMGNFIHPDWDMFQSTHPCAAFHAASRAISGGPIYVSDSVGQHDFALLRRLALPDGTVLRCEGHALPTRDCLFADPLHDGRTVLKIWNVNRFAGVVGAFNCQGGGWSPEARRNKCFSEFSVPLAARASPSDVEWKSGKAGPGVSVKGVSQFAVYAVEARTLQLLRPDEGVDLTLQPFTYELFVVAPVRVISHERAIKFAPIGLANMLNTAGAVQAFEAKKDASGVTAEVFVKGAGELVAYSSATPRLCKVNGDEAEFTYKDGVVTVDVPWSGSSSKLCRVQYVY

Source: Genetic information comes from the article