Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • Silencing of the SDF2 genes in the xa21 rice genetic background compromises resistance to Xoo but does not affect plant growth and development.
  • Interestingly, most signaling and transcriptional regulator genes were downregulated at 4 and 8 hpi, suggesting that negative regulation of cellular signaling may play a role in the xa21-mediated defense response.
  • Comparison of expression profiles between xa21- and other R gene-mediated defense systems revealed interesting common responses.
  • Transcriptional characteristics of xa21-mediated defense responses in rice.
  • The rice pattern recognition receptor (PRR) xa21 confers race-specific resistance in leaf infection by bacterial blight Xathomonas oryzae pv.
  • Rice xa21 binding protein 3 is a ubiquitin ligase required for full xa21-mediated disease resistance.
  • Few components involved in transducing the xa21-mediated defense response have yet been identified.
  • 1 are compromised in basal defense and xa21-mediated resistance to Xoo.
  • OsWRKY62 is a negative regulator of basal and xa21-mediated defense against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice.
  • The transgenic plants constitutively expressing the wild-type xa21 or its GFP fusion displayed race-specific resistance to Xoo at the adult and seedling stages.
  • We also established a root infection system and demonstrated that xa21 also mediated race-specific resistance responses to Xoo in the root.
  • Here we report that xa21 is induced by Xoo infection and that ectopic expression of xa21 confers resistance at three leaf stage (three-week-old), overcoming the developmental limitation of xa21-mediated resistance.
  • Characterization of xa21 should facilitate understanding of plant disease resistance and lead to engineered resistance in rice.
  • A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, xa21.
  • Genetic and physical analysis of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance locus, xa21.
  • Representative pathotypes were used to evaluate seven near-isogenic lines carrying individual bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa10, xa13, and xa21) and gene pyramids.
  • Here, we report that xa21 binds to a WRKY transcription factor, called OsWRKY62.
  • The molecular genetic mechanism controlling the integration of the xa21-mediated disease resistance response with the developmental program in rice is under study in this model system.
  • Expression of the xa21 gene transcript is not correlated with expression of xa21 disease resistance indicating that the developmental regulation of xa21-resistance is either controlled post-transcriptionally or by other factors.
  • Short communication: developmental control of xa21-mediated disease resistance in rice.
  • xa21 is a receptor-like kinase protein in rice (Oryza sativa) that confers gene-for-gene resistance to specific races of the causal agent of bacterial blight disease, Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae.
  • The downregulation of Xb25 results in reduced levels of xa21 and compromised xa21-mediated disease resistance at the adult stage.
  • Taken together, these results indicate that XB25 is required for maintaining xa21-mediated disease resistance.
  • The xa21 binding protein XB25 is required for maintaining xa21-mediated disease resistance.
  • Ectopic expression of xa21 also up-regulates a larger set of defense-related genes as compared to xa21 driven by the native promoter.
  • These results indicate that altered regulation of xa21 expression is useful for developing enhanced resistance to Xoo at multiple developmental stages.
  • The cloned rice gene xa21 confers resistance to a broad spectrum of Xoo races.
  • Our current study provides an insight into the nature of the xa21-mediated resistance and a practical approach using the root cell system to further dissect the cellular signaling of the PRR during the rice-Xoo interaction.
  • xa21-resistance progressively increases from the susceptible juvenile leaf 2 stage through later stages, with 100% resistance at the adult leaf 9/10 stage.
  • The rice disease resistance gene, xa21, encodes a receptor kinase-like protein consisting of leucine-rich repeats in the putative extracellular domain and a serine/threonine kinase in the putative intracellular domain.
  • Finally, our data suggest that the region of xa21 kinase corresponding to the RD kinase activation domain is not phosphorylated, revealing a distinct mode of action compared with the tomato Pto serine/threonine kinase conferring disease resistance.
  • Biochemical characterization of the kinase domain of the rice disease resistance receptor-like kinase xa21.
  • We identified 192 proteins in DRMs that included receptor-like kinases (RLKs) such as xa21, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR)-type disease resistance proteins, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, syntaxin, NADPH oxidase, a WD-40 repeat family protein and various GTP-binding proteins.
  • Xb15 mutants display a severe cell death phenotype, induction of pathogenesis-related genes, and enhanced xa21-mediated resistance.
  • Rice XB15, a protein phosphatase 2C, negatively regulates cell death and xa21-mediated innate immunity.
  • The xa21 gene confers a broad and persistent resistance against BB.
  • These results suggested that xa21 primed critically important genes and signaling pathways, enhancing its resistance against bacterial infection.
  • Rice xa21 primed genes and pathways that are critical for combating bacterial blight infection.
  • The rice xa21 receptor kinase confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzaepv.
  • From this analysis, we identified eight genes that are up-regulated in both in elf18 treated EFR:xa21:GFP rice leaves and Xoo infected xa21 rice leaves.
  • Mutation of the rice xa21 predicted nuclear localization sequence does not affect resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
  • The rice receptor kinase xa21 confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzaepv.
  • We previously reported that xa21 is cleaved in transgenic plants overexpressing xa21 with a GFP tag (Ubi-xa21-GFP) and that the released C-terminal domain is localized to the nucleus.
  • xa21 carries a predicted nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that directs the C-terminal domain to the nucleus in transient assays, whereas alanine substitutions in the NLS disrupt the nuclear localization.
  • To determine if the predicted NLS is required for xa21-mediated immunity in planta, we generated transgenic plants overexpressing an xa21 variant carrying the NLS with the same alanine substitutions (Ubi-xa21nls-GFP).
  • The rice immune receptor xa21 is activated by the sulfated microbial peptide required for activation of xa21-mediated immunity X (RaxX) produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
  • Here we demonstrate that the rice immune sensor xa21 promotes survival of rice seedlings during dehydration stress.
  • xa21 expression increases deposition of lignin and cellulose in the xylem vessels and their surrounding cells.
  • Inhibition of aquaporin water channels by mercuric chloride eliminates xa21-mediated dehydration survival, suggesting that xa21 enables plant survival during drought, probably by protecting xylem functionality.
  • Rice immune sensor xa21 differentially enhances plant growth and survival under distinct levels of drought.
  • In contrast to prevailing observations of stress tolerance genes, xa21 is also capable of enhancing rice growth during moderate drought.
  • Thus, xa21 acts as a mediator for stress protection and plant growth under water-limiting conditions.
  • In BC3F3 generation, the improved pyramided lines carrying a total of seven genes/QTLs (xa5 + xa13 + xa21 + Pi54 + qSBR7-1 + qSBR11-1 + qSBR11-2) were selected through molecular and phenotypic assay, and these were evaluated for resistance against bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight pathogens under greenhouse conditions.
  • We focus on knowledge gained from studies of the rice xa21 immune receptor that recognizes RaxX (required for activation of xa21 mediated immunity X), a sulfated microbial peptide secreted by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

Literature:

Gene Resources:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >LOC_Os11g35500.1
    ATCTCTCGCTCTTGCTGTCTTAGCTTGCACCGATATTCTCTGCATCTCGGCACGATGATATCACTCCCATTACTGCTCTTCGTCCTCTTCTTCTCTGCGCTGCTGCTCTTCCCTTCGAGCAGTGACGACGACGGTGGTGGTGATGCTGCCGGCGACGAACTCGCGCTGCTCTCTTTCAAGTCATCCCTGCTATACCAGGGGGGCCAGTCGCTGGCATCTTGGAACACGTCCGGCCATGGCCAGCACTGCACATGGGTGGGTGTCGTGTGCGGCCGCCGGCACCCACACAGGGTGGTGAAGCTGCGGCTGCGCTCCTCCAACCTGGCCGGGATCATCTCGCCGTCGCTGGGCAACCTATCCTTCCTCAGGACGCTGCAACTCAGCGACAACCACCTGTCCGGCAAGATACCCCAGGAGCTCAGCCGTCTCATCAGGCTCCAGCAACTGGTACTGAATTTCAACAGCCTATCGGGTGAGATTCCAGCTGCTTTGGGCAATCTAACCAGTCTCTCGGTTCTTGAGCTGACTAACAATACACTGTCCGGAGCAATCCCTTCATCTCTGGGCAAACTCACAGGTCTCACTGATCTTGCACTGGCTGAAAATACGCTGTCTGGTTCCATCCCATCATCTTTCGGCCAATTGCGCAGATTATCTTTCCTTAGCTTAGCCTTTAACAATTTAAGTGGAGCGATCCCAGATCCTATTTGGAACATCTCCTCTCTCACCATATTCGAAGTCATATCCAACAAGCTAAGTGGTACACTGCCTACAAATGCATTCAGTAATCTTCCTAGTCTGCAGGAGGTATACATGTATTACAACCAGTTTCATGGTCGTATCCCGGCATCGATAGGTAATGCTTCCAACATCTCAATATTTACCATTGGTTTAAACTCTTTTAGCGGTGTTGTTCCACCGGAGATTGGAAGGATGAGAAATCTTCAGAGACTAGAGCTTCCAGAAACTCTTTTGGAAGCTAAAGAAACAAATGATTGGAAATTCATGACGGCATTGACAAATTGCTCCAATCTTCAAGAAGTGGAACTGGGAGGTTGTAAATTTGGTGGAGTCCTCCCTGATTCTGTTTCCAATCTTTCCTCTTCGCTTGTATCTCTCTCCATTAGAGATAACAAAATTTCAGGGAGCTTACCTAGAGATATCGGTAATCTCGTTAATTTACAATATCTTTCTCTCGCTAACAACTCCTTGACAGGATCCCTTCCCTCTTCCTTCAGCAAGCTTAAAAATTTACGTCGTCTCACTGTAGATAACAACAAGTTAATTGGTTCTCTCCCATTCACCATCGGTAATCTTACACAACTAACTAATATGGAGGTCCAATTTAATGCCTTCGGTGGTACAATACCAAGCACACTTGGAAACCTGACCAAGCTGTTTCAAATAAATCTTGGCCACAATAACTTTATAGGGCAAATTCCCATTGAAATATTTAGCATTCCCGCACTCTCTGAAATTTTGGATGTGTCCCATCATAACTTGGAGGGATCAATACCAAAAGAAATAGGGAAACTTAAAAATATTGTCGAATTCCATGCTGATTCGAACAAATTATCGGGTGAGATCCCTAGCACCATTGGTGAATGCCAACTTCTGCAGCATCTTTTCCTGCAAAACAATTTCTTAAATGGTAGCATCCCAATAGCTCTGACTCAGTTGAAAGGTCTGGACACACTTGATCTCTCAGGTAACAATTTGTCAGGTCAGATACCTATGTCCTTAGGGGACATGCCTCTGCTCCACTCGCTGAACCTTTCGTTCAACAGCTTCCACGGTGAAGTGCCAACCAATGGTGTTTTTGCAAATGCTTCTGAAATTTACATCCAAGGCAATGCCCATATTTGCGGTGGCATACCTGAACTACATCTTCCGACGTGTTCCTTAAAATCAAGAAAGAAAAAGAAACATCAAATTCTGCTGTTAGTGGTTGTTATCTGTCTCGTTTCGACACTTGCCGTCTTTTCGTTACTCTACATGCTTCTAACCTGTCATAAGAGAAGAAAGAAAGAAGTCCCTGCAACGACATCCATGCAAGGCCACCCAATGATCACTTACAAGCAGCTGGTAAAAGCAACGGATGGTTTTTCGTCCAGCCATTTGTTGGGTTCTGGATCTTTTGGCTCTGTTTACAAAGGAGAATTTGATAGTCAAGATGGTGAAATCACAAGTCTTGTTGCCGTGAAGGTACTAAAGCTGGAAACTCCAAAGGCACTCAAGAGTTTCACGTCCGAATGCGAAACACTGCGAAATACTCGACACCGGAATCTTGTCAAGATAGTTACGATTTGCTCGAGCATCGATAACAGAGGGAATGATTTCAAAGCAATTGTGTATGACTTCATGCCCAATGGCAGTCTGGAAGATTGGCTACACCCTGAAACAAATGATCAAGCAGAGCAAAGGCACTTGACTCTGCATCAGAGAGTGACCATACTACTTGATGTTGCATGTGCATTGGACCATCTTCACTTCCATGGCCCTGAACCTATTGTACACTGTGATATTAAATCAAGCAATGTGTTGTTAGATGCTGATATGGTAGCCCATGTTGGAGACTTTGGACTTGCAAGAATACTTATTGAGGGAAGCTCATTGATGCAACAGTCAACAAGTTCGATGGGAATCAGGGGGACAATTGGTTACGCAGCACCAGAGTATGGTGTCGGGAACACTGCCTCGACACATGGAGATATTTACAGTTATGGAATTCTAGTGTTGGAAACAGTAACCGGGATGCGGCCGGCAGATAGTACATTCAGAACTGGATTGAGCCTCCGTCAGTACGTTGAACCGGGTCTACATGGTAGACTGATGGATGTTGTTGACAGGAAGCTTGGTTTGGATTCCGAGAAATGGCTTCAGGCTCGAGATGTTTCGCCATGCAGCAGTATTACTGAATGCCTTGTTTCACTGCTTAGACTTGGGCTGTCTTGCTCTCAGGAATTGCCATCGAGTAGAACGCAAGCCGGAGATGTCATCAATGAACTGCGTGCCATCAAAGAGTCTCTCTCGATGTCATCCGACATGTGAAGATGTGAGACATGCTGATGTTATGTCCGAGTATTTCGTTGTAATCTAATGTGAAGGGTGAGTGTGTGACTGCTTGGTTGTAAGCTATTTCCTGATCTGCCCATCAGATCATGTATCTGTTCTATTGTTGTATTTCTCAGAACAACCACACACCTAAGTAGGAGTACACAATAGTGTATTTGTGTAATTTCAATATTGATGCATACCCATGCTATGTGCTAAAATTATATACTGAAATTTTGAGAT
CDS Sequence
  • >LOC_Os11g35500.1
    ATGATATCACTCCCATTACTGCTCTTCGTCCTCTTCTTCTCTGCGCTGCTGCTCTTCCCTTCGAGCAGTGACGACGACGGTGGTGGTGATGCTGCCGGCGACGAACTCGCGCTGCTCTCTTTCAAGTCATCCCTGCTATACCAGGGGGGCCAGTCGCTGGCATCTTGGAACACGTCCGGCCATGGCCAGCACTGCACATGGGTGGGTGTCGTGTGCGGCCGCCGGCACCCACACAGGGTGGTGAAGCTGCGGCTGCGCTCCTCCAACCTGGCCGGGATCATCTCGCCGTCGCTGGGCAACCTATCCTTCCTCAGGACGCTGCAACTCAGCGACAACCACCTGTCCGGCAAGATACCCCAGGAGCTCAGCCGTCTCATCAGGCTCCAGCAACTGGTACTGAATTTCAACAGCCTATCGGGTGAGATTCCAGCTGCTTTGGGCAATCTAACCAGTCTCTCGGTTCTTGAGCTGACTAACAATACACTGTCCGGAGCAATCCCTTCATCTCTGGGCAAACTCACAGGTCTCACTGATCTTGCACTGGCTGAAAATACGCTGTCTGGTTCCATCCCATCATCTTTCGGCCAATTGCGCAGATTATCTTTCCTTAGCTTAGCCTTTAACAATTTAAGTGGAGCGATCCCAGATCCTATTTGGAACATCTCCTCTCTCACCATATTCGAAGTCATATCCAACAAGCTAAGTGGTACACTGCCTACAAATGCATTCAGTAATCTTCCTAGTCTGCAGGAGGTATACATGTATTACAACCAGTTTCATGGTCGTATCCCGGCATCGATAGGTAATGCTTCCAACATCTCAATATTTACCATTGGTTTAAACTCTTTTAGCGGTGTTGTTCCACCGGAGATTGGAAGGATGAGAAATCTTCAGAGACTAGAGCTTCCAGAAACTCTTTTGGAAGCTAAAGAAACAAATGATTGGAAATTCATGACGGCATTGACAAATTGCTCCAATCTTCAAGAAGTGGAACTGGGAGGTTGTAAATTTGGTGGAGTCCTCCCTGATTCTGTTTCCAATCTTTCCTCTTCGCTTGTATCTCTCTCCATTAGAGATAACAAAATTTCAGGGAGCTTACCTAGAGATATCGGTAATCTCGTTAATTTACAATATCTTTCTCTCGCTAACAACTCCTTGACAGGATCCCTTCCCTCTTCCTTCAGCAAGCTTAAAAATTTACGTCGTCTCACTGTAGATAACAACAAGTTAATTGGTTCTCTCCCATTCACCATCGGTAATCTTACACAACTAACTAATATGGAGGTCCAATTTAATGCCTTCGGTGGTACAATACCAAGCACACTTGGAAACCTGACCAAGCTGTTTCAAATAAATCTTGGCCACAATAACTTTATAGGGCAAATTCCCATTGAAATATTTAGCATTCCCGCACTCTCTGAAATTTTGGATGTGTCCCATCATAACTTGGAGGGATCAATACCAAAAGAAATAGGGAAACTTAAAAATATTGTCGAATTCCATGCTGATTCGAACAAATTATCGGGTGAGATCCCTAGCACCATTGGTGAATGCCAACTTCTGCAGCATCTTTTCCTGCAAAACAATTTCTTAAATGGTAGCATCCCAATAGCTCTGACTCAGTTGAAAGGTCTGGACACACTTGATCTCTCAGGTAACAATTTGTCAGGTCAGATACCTATGTCCTTAGGGGACATGCCTCTGCTCCACTCGCTGAACCTTTCGTTCAACAGCTTCCACGGTGAAGTGCCAACCAATGGTGTTTTTGCAAATGCTTCTGAAATTTACATCCAAGGCAATGCCCATATTTGCGGTGGCATACCTGAACTACATCTTCCGACGTGTTCCTTAAAATCAAGAAAGAAAAAGAAACATCAAATTCTGCTGTTAGTGGTTGTTATCTGTCTCGTTTCGACACTTGCCGTCTTTTCGTTACTCTACATGCTTCTAACCTGTCATAAGAGAAGAAAGAAAGAAGTCCCTGCAACGACATCCATGCAAGGCCACCCAATGATCACTTACAAGCAGCTGGTAAAAGCAACGGATGGTTTTTCGTCCAGCCATTTGTTGGGTTCTGGATCTTTTGGCTCTGTTTACAAAGGAGAATTTGATAGTCAAGATGGTGAAATCACAAGTCTTGTTGCCGTGAAGGTACTAAAGCTGGAAACTCCAAAGGCACTCAAGAGTTTCACGTCCGAATGCGAAACACTGCGAAATACTCGACACCGGAATCTTGTCAAGATAGTTACGATTTGCTCGAGCATCGATAACAGAGGGAATGATTTCAAAGCAATTGTGTATGACTTCATGCCCAATGGCAGTCTGGAAGATTGGCTACACCCTGAAACAAATGATCAAGCAGAGCAAAGGCACTTGACTCTGCATCAGAGAGTGACCATACTACTTGATGTTGCATGTGCATTGGACCATCTTCACTTCCATGGCCCTGAACCTATTGTACACTGTGATATTAAATCAAGCAATGTGTTGTTAGATGCTGATATGGTAGCCCATGTTGGAGACTTTGGACTTGCAAGAATACTTATTGAGGGAAGCTCATTGATGCAACAGTCAACAAGTTCGATGGGAATCAGGGGGACAATTGGTTACGCAGCACCAGAGTATGGTGTCGGGAACACTGCCTCGACACATGGAGATATTTACAGTTATGGAATTCTAGTGTTGGAAACAGTAACCGGGATGCGGCCGGCAGATAGTACATTCAGAACTGGATTGAGCCTCCGTCAGTACGTTGAACCGGGTCTACATGGTAGACTGATGGATGTTGTTGACAGGAAGCTTGGTTTGGATTCCGAGAAATGGCTTCAGGCTCGAGATGTTTCGCCATGCAGCAGTATTACTGAATGCCTTGTTTCACTGCTTAGACTTGGGCTGTCTTGCTCTCAGGAATTGCCATCGAGTAGAACGCAAGCCGGAGATGTCATCAATGAACTGCGTGCCATCAAAGAGTCTCTCTCGATGTCATCCGACATGTGA
Protein Sequence
  • >LOC_Os11g35500.1
    MISLPLLLFVLFFSALLLFPSSSDDDGGGDAAGDELALLSFKSSLLYQGGQSLASWNTSGHGQHCTWVGVVCGRRHPHRVVKLRLRSSNLAGIISPSLGNLSFLRTLQLSDNHLSGKIPQELSRLIRLQQLVLNFNSLSGEIPAALGNLTSLSVLELTNNTLSGAIPSSLGKLTGLTDLALAENTLSGSIPSSFGQLRRLSFLSLAFNNLSGAIPDPIWNISSLTIFEVISNKLSGTLPTNAFSNLPSLQEVYMYYNQFHGRIPASIGNASNISIFTIGLNSFSGVVPPEIGRMRNLQRLELPETLLEAKETNDWKFMTALTNCSNLQEVELGGCKFGGVLPDSVSNLSSSLVSLSIRDNKISGSLPRDIGNLVNLQYLSLANNSLTGSLPSSFSKLKNLRRLTVDNNKLIGSLPFTIGNLTQLTNMEVQFNAFGGTIPSTLGNLTKLFQINLGHNNFIGQIPIEIFSIPALSEILDVSHHNLEGSIPKEIGKLKNIVEFHADSNKLSGEIPSTIGECQLLQHLFLQNNFLNGSIPIALTQLKGLDTLDLSGNNLSGQIPMSLGDMPLLHSLNLSFNSFHGEVPTNGVFANASEIYIQGNAHICGGIPELHLPTCSLKSRKKKKHQILLLVVVICLVSTLAVFSLLYMLLTCHKRRKKEVPATTSMQGHPMITYKQLVKATDGFSSSHLLGSGSFGSVYKGEFDSQDGEITSLVAVKVLKLETPKALKSFTSECETLRNTRHRNLVKIVTICSSIDNRGNDFKAIVYDFMPNGSLEDWLHPETNDQAEQRHLTLHQRVTILLDVACALDHLHFHGPEPIVHCDIKSSNVLLDADMVAHVGDFGLARILIEGSSLMQQSTSSMGIRGTIGYAAPEYGVGNTASTHGDIYSYGILVLETVTGMRPADSTFRTGLSLRQYVEPGLHGRLMDVVDRKLGLDSEKWLQARDVSPCSSITECLVSLLRLGLSCSQELPSSRTQAGDVINELRAIKESLSMSSDM*