Gene Details:

• MSU gene ID: LOC_Os09g26999
• RAPdb gene ID: Os09g0441900
• Gene Symbol: DEP1 DN1 qPE9-1 OsDEP1
• Genome: MSU7 ,  IRGSP-1.0
• Species: Oryza sativa

Functional Descriptions:

• The expression level of OsCKX2 in the shoot apex of DN1-1 plants is similar to that in the wild type, indicating that OsCKX2 does not contribute to an increased number of spikelets.
• DN1 is allelic to DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) (=qPE(9-1)).
• Recently, qPE9-1 has been successfully cloned; however, the genetic effect on grain yield per plant of the erect panicle allele qPE9-1 is controversial yet.
• The comparison of agronomic traits between the NILs showed that, when qPE9-1 was replaced by qPE9-1, the panicle architecture was changed from drooping to erect; moreover, the panicle length, plant height, 1000-grain weight and the tillers were significantly decreased, consequently resulting in the dramatic decrease of grain yield per plant by 30%.
• Therefore, we concluded that the qPE9-1 was a major factor controlling panicle architecture, and qPE9-1 had pleiotropic nature, with negative effects on grain yield per plant.
• Introgression of qPE9-1 allele, conferring the panicle erectness, leads to the decrease of grain yield per plant in japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.).
• The qPE9-1 gene has been proved to be widely used in high-yield rice cultivar developments, conferring erect panicle character in japonica rice.
• In the present study, a drooping panicle parent Nongken 57, carrying qPE9-1 allele, was used as recurrent parent to successively backcross to a typical erect panicle line from the double haploid (DH) population (Wuyunjing 8/Nongken 57), which was previously shown to carry qPE9-1 allele.
• This result strongly suggests that the erect panicle allele qPE9-1 should be used together with other favorable genes in the high-yield breeding practice.
• A comparison of the DN1-1 and DN1-3 alleles suggests that the N-terminal region of DN1 contains a coiled-coil domain and a nuclear localization signal that might be responsible for semi-dwarfness.
• A rice cDNA, OsDEP1, encoding a highly cysteine (Cys)-rich G protein gamma subunit, was initially identified as it conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance on yeast cells.
• Rice DEP1, encoding a highly cysteine-rich G protein gamma subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants.
• Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice.
• In addition, the qPE9-1 locus regulates panicle and grain length, grain weight, and consequently grain yield.
• DN1-1 plants have normal sensitivity to gibberellin, brassinolide, and kinetin, and we observed no genetic epistasis with brassinolide-related mutants, suggesting that DN1 does not function in the signaling pathways of these phytohormones.
• Here we report the map-based cloning of a major quantitative trait locus, qPE9-1, which plays an integral role in regulation of rice plant architecture including panicle erectness.
• Phenotypic comparisons of a set of near-isogenic lines and transgenic lines reveal that the functional allele (qPE9-1) results in drooping panicles, and the loss-of-function mutation (qPE9-1) leads to more erect panicles.
• We propose that the panicle erectness trait resulted from a natural random loss-of-function mutation for the qPE9-1 gene and has subsequently been the target of artificial selection during japonica rice breeding.
• Deletion in a quantitative trait gene qPE9-1 associated with panicle erectness improves plant architecture during rice domestication.
• In addition, we found that H90, the nearest marker to qPE9-1, used for genotyping 38 cultivars with extremely erect and drooping panicles, segregated in agreement with PC, suggesting the H90 product was possibly part of the qPE9-1 gene or closely related to it.
• We show that the rice DENSE PANICLE 1 (DN1) mutant allele DN1-1 causes both of these characteristics and that DN1-1 is a loss-of-function mutation.
• These data demonstrated that H90 could be used for marker-aided selection for the PE trait in breeding and in the cloning of qPE9-1.
• In order to improve the genetic diversity of DEP1, we used a rice germplasm collection of 72 high yielding japonica rice varieties to analyze the contribution of DEP1 to the panicle traits.
• The SNP (G/C) at the promoter region will contribute to the flexible application of DEP1 in rice breeding.
• DEP1 is a G protein gamma subunit that is involved in the regulation of erect panicle, number of grains per panicle, nitrogen uptake, and stress-tolerance through the G protein signal pathway.
• Here we review the development of erect panicle rice varieties, DEP1 alleles and regulatory network, and its physiological and morphological functions.
• Additionally, the further increasing the yield potential of erect-panicle super-rice, and the development of molecular designing breeding for indica-japonica hybrid rice with the DEP1 gene are also prospected.
• The DEP1 (dense and erect panicle 1) gene, which corresponds to the erect panicle architecture, shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice.
• Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance changes as the DEP1 allele enhances nitrogen uptake and assimilation.
• DEP1 is involved in regulating the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance to affect grain yield and quality in rice (Oriza sativa L.).
• In this study, we generated transgenic Akitakomati plants by overexpressing DEP1 and analyzed the carbon-nitrogen metabolic status, gene expression profiles, and grain yield and quality.
• These results indicated that DEP1 enhanced H2O2 biosynthesis and promoted the cell death of the root cortex, thus contributing to aerenchyma development in WYJ8(DEP1).
• However, it is unclear whether DEP1 regulates cell death for aerenchyma formation in rice roots.

Function-related keywords:

• shoot ,  erect ,  grain ,  panicle ,  dwarf ,  cadmium ,  grain-yield ,  gibberellin ,  grain-weight ,  panicle-architecture ,  yield ,  spikelet ,  phytohormone ,  architecture ,  breeding ,  height ,  domestication ,  grain-length ,  tiller ,  nitrogen ,  development ,  grains-per-panicle ,  quality ,  root ,  cell-death

Literature:

• Introgression of qPE9-1 allele, conferring the panicle erectness, leads to the decrease of grain yield per plant in japonica rice Oryza sativa L .  DOI:  10.1016/j.jgg.2011.03.011 ;  PMID:  21621743
• Identification and characterization of a major QTL responsible for erect panicle trait in japonica rice Oryza sativa L .  DOI:  10.1007/s00122-007-0635-9 ;  PMID:  17851647
• Deletion in a quantitative trait gene qPE9-1 associated with panicle erectness improves plant architecture during rice domestication .  DOI:  10.1534/genetics.109.102681 ;  PMID:  19546322
• A loss-of-function mutation of rice DENSE PANICLE 1 causes semi-dwarfness and slightly increased number of spikelets .  DOI:  10.1270/jsbbs.61.17
• Rice DEP1, encoding a highly cysteine-rich G protein γ subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants .  DOI:  10.1093/jxb/ert267 ;  PMID:  24163402
• Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice .  DOI:  10.1038/ng.352 ;  PMID:  19305410
• Genome-wide binding analysis of the transcription activator ideal plant architecture1 reveals a complex network regulating rice plant architecture .  DOI:  10.1105/tpc.113.113639 ;  PMID:  24170127
• The plant-specific G protein γ subunit AGG3 influences organ size and shape in Arabidopsis thaliana .  DOI:  10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04083.x ;  PMID:  22380792
• Variations in DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 DEP1 contribute to the diversity of the panicle trait in high-yielding japonica rice varieties in northern China .  DOI:  10.1270/jsbbs.16058 ;  PMID:  27795685
• The DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) gene offering the potential in the breeding of high-yielding rice .  DOI:  10.1270/jsbbs.16120 ;  PMID:  28163581
• DEP1 is involved in regulating the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance to affect grain yield and quality in rice (Oriza sativa L.) .  DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0213504 ;  PMID:  30856225
• Enhanced Expression of QTL qLL9/DEP1 Facilitates the Improvement of Leaf Morphology and Grain Yield in Rice .  DOI:  10.3390/ijms20040866 ;  PMID:  30781568
• The Rice G Protein γ Subunit DEP1/qPE9-1 Positively Regulates Grain-Filling Process by Increasing Auxin and Cytokinin Content in Rice Grains .  DOI:  10.1186/s12284-019-0344-4 ;  PMID:  31844998
• Heterotrimeric G protein γ subunit DEP1 is involved in hydrogen peroxide signaling and promotes aerenchyma formation in rice roots .  DOI:  10.1080/15592324.2021.1889251 ;  PMID:  33632064

Related News:

Gene Resources:

• NCBI ID:
• UniProt accessions:

Sequences: