Gene Details:

• MSU gene ID: LOC_Os07g41240
• RAPdb gene ID: Os07g0603700
• Gene Symbol: GE CYP78A13
• Genome: MSU7 ,  IRGSP-1.0
• Species: Oryza sativa

Functional Descriptions:

• Overexpression of GE promoted cell proliferation and enhanced rice plant growth and grain yield, but reduced embryo size, sugGEsting that GE is critical for coordinating rice embryo and endosperm development.
• The function of GE in each tissue is distinct, controlling cell size in the embryo and cell death in the endosperm.
• Post-embryonic growth of GE seedling was severely inhibited due to defective shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance.
• GE, which encodes CYP78A13, is predominantly expressed in the interfacing tissues of the both embryo and endosperm.
• In contrast to the loss-of-function mutant with larGE embryo and small endosperm, GE overexpression causes a small embryo and enlarGEd endosperm.
• A complementation analysis coupled with heterofertilization showed that complementation of GE mutation in either embryo or endosperm failed to restore the wild-type embryo/endosperm ratio.
• Among GEnes associated with embryo/endosperm size, REDUCED EMBRYO GEnes, whose loss-of-function causes a phenotype opposite to GE, are revealed to regulate endosperm size upstream of GE.
• To fully understand the embryo-endosperm size control, the GEnetic network of the related GEnes should be elucidated.
• However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying embryo and endosperm development remains larGEly unknown, particularly in rice, the model cereal.
• GE is expressed predominantly in the scutellar epithelium, the interface region between embryo and endosperm.
• Mutation of GE resulted in a larGE embryo in the seed, which was caused by excessive expansion of scutellum cells.
• Moreover, transGEnic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtCYP78A10, a GE homolog, also produced bigGEr seeds, implying a conserved role for the CYP78A subfamily of P450s in regulating seed development.
• 2 showed that both can promote grain growth.
• Variations in CYP78A13 coding region influence grain size and yield in rice.
• Grain size is one of the most important determinants of crop yield in cereals.
• Here, we identified a dominant mutant, big grain2 (bg2-D) from our enhancer-trapping population.
• Sequence search revealed that CYP78A13 has a paralogue Grain<U+2005>Length 3.
• Detailed examination of the transgenic plants with chimaeric constructs suggested that variation in CYP78A13 coding region is responsible for the variation of grain yield.
• Taken together, our results suggest that the variations in CYP78A13 in the indica varieties hold potential in rice breeding for application of grain yield improvement.

Function-related keywords:

• grain-yield ,  grain ,  cell-death ,  shoot ,  meristem ,  endosperm ,  yield ,  seed ,  seed-development ,  shoot-apical-meristem ,  growth ,  seedling ,  grain-size ,  breeding

Literature:

• GIANT EMBRYO encodes CYP78A13, required for proper size balance between embryo and endosperm in rice .  DOI:  10.1111/tpj.12223 ;  PMID:  23621326
• Control of rice embryo development, shoot apical meristem maintenance, and grain yield by a novel cytochrome p450 .  DOI:  10.1093/mp/sst107 ;  PMID:  23775595
• Variations in CYP78A13 coding region influence grain size and yield in rice .  DOI:  10.1111/pce.12452 ;  PMID:  25255828

Related News:

Gene Resources:

• NCBI ID:
• UniProt accessions:

Sequences: