Gene Details:

• MSU gene ID: LOC_Os06g06050
• RAPdb gene ID: Os06g0154200
• Gene Symbol: D3
• Genome: MSU7 ,  IRGSP-1.0
• Species: Oryza sativa

Functional Descriptions:

• The D53 gene product shares predicted features with the class I Clp ATPase proteins and can form a complex with the alpha/beta hydrolase protein DWARF 14 (D14) and the F-box protein DWARF 3 (D3), two previously identified signalling components potentially responsible for SL perception.
• We found that darkness-induced senescence or H2O2-induced cell death in the third leaf [as measured by chlorophyll degradation, membrane ion leakage and expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs)] in a D3 rice mutant was delayed by 1~3 d compared to that in its reference line Shiokari.
• These results suggest that D3 protein in rice, like MAX2/ORE9 in Arabidopsis, is involved in leaf senescence or cell death.
• Treatments with GR24, a synthetic SL analogue, cause D53 degradation via the proteasome in a manner that requires D14 and the SCF(D3) ubiquitin ligase, whereas the dominant form of D53 is resistant to SL-mediated degradation.
• Mutant genes, reduced culm number 1 (rcn1) and bunketsuwaito tillering dwarf (D3), affect tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa L.
• The reduction in tillering by the rcn1 mutation was independent of the D3 genotype, and tillering number of D3rcn1 double mutant was between those of the D3 and rcn1 mutants.
• These results demonstrated that the Rcn1 gene was not involved in the D3-associated pathway in tillering control.
• Genetic interaction between 2 tillering genes, reduced culm number 1 (rcn1) and tillering dwarf gene D3, in rice.
• SL signalling requires the hormone-dependent interaction of DWARF 14 (D14), a probable candidate SL receptor, with DWARF 3 (D3), an F-box component of the Skp-Cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.
• Here we report the characterization of a dominant SL-insensitive rice (Oryza sativa) mutant dwarf 53 (d53) and the cloning of D53, which encodes a substrate of the SCF(D3) ubiquitination complex and functions as a repressor of SL signalling.
• The D3 mutant was reported to increase tiller number and reduce plant stature.
• Moreover, D10 expression is upregulated in six branching mutants, D3, d10, d14, d17, d27 and high tillering dwarf (htd1).
• ) gene DWARF3 (D3) is orthologous to MAX2/ORE9, we wished to know whether disruption of D3 also results in increased longevity in leaves.
• Moreover, the mRNA levels of D3, HTD1 and D10, which are orthologs of Arabidopsis MAX2/ORE9, MAX3 and MAX4, respectively, increased during cell death.
• Loss of function of HTD2 resulted in a significantly increased expression of HTD1, D10 and D3, which were involved in the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway.
• We demonstrate that, in a D14- and D3-dependent manner, SLs induce D53 degradation by the proteasome and abrogate its activity in promoting axillary bud outgrowth.
• D14-SCF(D3)-dependent degradation of D53 regulates strigolactone signalling.
• Knockout of D3 gene (D3 mutants) or miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) triggers a substantial reduction of gibberellin (GA) content, but a significant increase of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation than in WT.
• The D3 and OE-miR528 transgenic plants were much more sensitive to GA, but less sensitive to ABA than WT.
• Moreover, the expression level of GA biosynthesis-related key genes, including OsCPS1, OsCPS2, OsKO2 and OsKAO was remarkably higher in OE-D3 plants, while the NECD2 expression, a key gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, was significantly higher in D3 mutants than in WT and OE-D3 plants.
• However, it remains unknown whether the miR528 and D3 interaction functions in controlling plant height, and the underlying regulatory mechanism in rice.
• In this study, we found that the plant height, internode length, and cell length of internodes of D3 mutants and miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) lines were greatly shorter than WT, D3-overexpressing (OE-D3), and miR528 target mimicry (OE-MIM528) transgenic plants.

Function-related keywords:

• dwarf ,  leaf ,  resistant ,  tillering ,  tiller-number ,  culm ,  cell-death ,  strigolactone ,  growth ,  tiller ,  senescence ,  branching ,  gibberellin ,  ABA ,  ga ,  abscisic-acid ,  plant-height ,  Gibberellin ,  GA ,  internode-length ,  GA-biosynthesis ,  ABA-biosynthesis

Literature:

• Identification and characterization of HTD2: a novel gene negatively regulating tiller bud outgrowth in rice .  DOI:  10.1007/s00425-009-0975-6 ;  PMID:  19579033
• Rice tillering dwarf mutant dwarf3 has increased leaf longevity during darkness-induced senescence or hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death .  DOI:  10.1266/ggs.82.361 ;  PMID:  17895586
• Genetic interaction between 2 tillering genes, reduced culm number 1 (rcn1) and tillering dwarf gene d3, in rice .  DOI:  10.1093/jhered/esl069 ;  PMID:  17237471
• The rice HIGH-TILLERING DWARF1 encoding an ortholog of Arabidopsis MAX3 is required for negative regulation of the outgrowth of axillary buds .  DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02916.x ;  PMID:  17092317
• DWARF10, an RMS1/MAX4/DAD1 ortholog, controls lateral bud outgrowth in rice .  DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03210.x ;  PMID:  17655651
• DWARF 53 acts as a repressor of strigolactone signalling in rice .  DOI:  10.1038/nature12870 ;  PMID:  24336200
• D14-SCFD3-dependent degradation of D53 regulates strigolactone signalling .  DOI:  10.1038/nature12878 ;  PMID:  24336215
• Suppression of tiller bud activity in tillering dwarf mutants of rice .  DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pci022 ;  PMID:  15659436
• Destabilization of strigolactone receptor DWARF14 by binding of ligand and E3-ligase signaling effector DWARF3 .  DOI:  10.1038/cr.2015.122 ;  PMID:  26470846
• The miR528-D3 Module Regulates Plant Height in Rice by Modulating the Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid Metabolisms .  DOI:  10.1186/s12284-022-00575-3 ;  PMID:  35596029

Related News:

Gene Resources:

• NCBI ID: AK065478
• UniProt accessions:

Sequences: