Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • The genetic analysis of the htd-1 mutant indicated that the phenotypes of high tillering and dwarf were controlled by a recessive gene, termed HTD1.
  • The HTD1 gene is expressed in both shoot and root tissues.
  • Loss of function of HTD2 resulted in a significantly increased expression of HTD1, D10 and D3, which were involved in the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway.
  • By evaluating Pro(HTD1):GUS expression, we found that the HTD1 gene is mainly expressed in vascular bundle tissues throughout the plant.
  • The HIGH-TILLERING DWARF1 (HTD1) gene encodes an ortholog of Arabidopsis MAX3.
  • Complementation analyses for HTD1 confirm that the defect in HTD1 is responsible for both high-tillering and dwarf phenotypes in the HTD1 mutant.
  • Auxin induction of HTD1 expression suggests that auxin may regulate rice tillering partly through upregulation of HTD1 gene transcription.
  • Restoration of dwarf phenotype after the removal of axillary buds indicates that the dwarfism of the HTD1 mutant may be a consequence of excessive tiller production.
  • Moreover, D10 expression is upregulated in six branching mutants, d3, d10, d14, d17, d27 and high tillering dwarf (HTD1).
  • Moreover, the mRNA levels of D3, HTD1 and D10, which are orthologs of Arabidopsis MAX2/ORE9, MAX3 and MAX4, respectively, increased during cell death.
  • A substitution mutation in OsCCD7 cosegregates with dwarf and increased tillering phenotype in rice.
  • Targeted mutations in five carotenoid catabolism genes failed to boost carotenoid accumulation in rice seeds, but produced dwarf and high tillering mutants when OsCCD7 gene was knocked out.
  • However, transgenic plants with homozygous or bi-allelic mutations to the OsCCD7 gene were extremely dwarfish with more tillers and lower seed setting than other transgenic or nontransgenic plants.
  • We found that the HTD1 gene had been widely utilized and co-selected with Semidwarf 1 (SD1), both contributing to the improvement of plant architecture in modern rice varieties since the Green Revolution in the 1960s.

Literature:

Gene Resources:

  • NCBI ID:
  • UniProt accessions:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >LOC_Os04g46470.1
    AACGACCGAAGGAGGCCAAGTCCAAAGATGGCAACACAAGCGATTGCACCGATGCACGCCGCCGTCGTGCACCGCCACCACGTTCTACCACCCCGCCGCTGCGTGCGCCGCCGTGGCGTCTTCGTCCGCGCCTCGGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGAGACGGACACGCTGTCCGCGGCCTTCTGGGACTACAACCTCCTCTTCCGGTCGCAGCGCGACGAGTGCCTCGACTCCATCCCGCTCCGCGTCACCGAGGGCGCGATCCCGCCCGACTTCCCGGCCGGCACCTACTACCTCGCCGGGCCGGGCATCTTCTCCGACGACCACGGCTCCACCGTCCACCCCCTCGACGGCCACGGCTACCTCCGCTCCTTCCGCTTCCGGCCCGGCGACCGCACCATCCACTACTCCGCGCGGTTCGTGGAGACGGCGGCGAAGAGGGAGGAGAGCCGGGACGGCGCGTCGTGGCGGTTCACGCACCGGGGGCCCTTCTCCGTGCTGCAGGGCGGGAAGAAGGTGGGCAATGTGAAGGTGATGAAGAACGTGGCCAACACCAGCGTGCTGCGGTGGGGCGGCCGGCTGCTCTGCCTCTGGGAGGGCGGCCAGCCGTACGAGGTTGACCCCCGGACGCTCGAGACCGTCGGCCCGTTCGACCTGCTCGGCCTCGCCGCCGCCGACGACAACAAGGCAACGAACGCGTCTGCAGCACGACGGCCGTGGCTGCAGGAGGCCGGCCTCGACGCCGCCGCGCGCCTGCTGCGCCCTGTTCTTAGCGGGGTGTTCGACATGCCGGGCAAGAGGCTGCTGGCGCACTACAAGATCGACCCGCGGCGGGGGCGTCTGCTGATGGTCGCCTGCAACGCCGAGGACATGCTCCTCCCGCGATCCCACTTCACTTTCTACGAGTTCGACGCCCACTTCGACCTCGTCCAGAAGCGTGAGTTCGTCGTGCCGGACCACCTCATGATCCACGACTGGGCCTTCACCGACACCCACTACATCCTCCTCGGCAACAGGATCAAGCTCGACATCCCCGGATCGCTGCTGGCATTGACGGGCACTCACCCGATGATCGCGGCGCTGGCCGTGGACCCGAGAAGGCAGTCGACGCCGGTGTACCTGCTTCCGCGCTCCCCGGAGACCGAGGCGGGCGGCCGCGACTGGAGCGTGCCGATCGAGGCGCCGTCGCAGATGTGGTCCGTGCACGTCGGCAACGCGTTCGAGGAGGCGAACCGCCGGGGCGGCCTCGACGTCCGGCTGCACATGTCAAGCTGCTCCTACCAGTGGTTCCATTTCCACAGGATGTTTGGTTACAATTGGCACCACAAGAAGCTGGACCCGTCGTTCATGAACGCGGCGAAGGGAAAGGAGTGGCTGCCTCGCCTCGTTCAGGTGGCCATCGAGCTCGACAGGACGGGAGAGTGCCGGAGGTGCTCAGTCAGGAGGCTGTCCGATCAGCACGCCAGGCCGGCGGACTTCCCGGCGATAAACCCAAGCTACGCCAACCAGAGGAACCGGTTCGTCTACGCCGGCGCCGCGTCCGGCTCCCGCAGATTCCTCCCGTACTTCCCGTTCGACAGCGTGGTGAAGGTCGACGTCTCCGATGGATCGGCGCGGTGGTGGTCTACCGACGGGCGCAAGTTCGTCGGCGAGCCGGTCTTCGTCCCGACCGGCGGCGGAGAGGATGGTGGCTATGTTCTTCTTGTAGAGTATGCAGTCTCCAAGCACAGATGCCATCTAGTGGTGCTGGATGCAAAGAAGATAGGGACAGAGAATGCACTTGTGGCAAAACTAGAGGTGCCAAAGAACCTCACTTTTCCAATGGGATTCCATGGTTTCTGGGGAGATGAATGAGCATAGAGCAAGCATCAGATCCAGTCTAACTCTGGAGAGAAATTGTCTTGAAAAGGCAAGAATTTTGCCTCGTGTATTGATAAAAGAGAGTTTTGTGATAATCTGTACATGGTGGAGAGGAATTATCAGGGGAACCAAATAACTACTGTACATCCAGTCTCGGAATGAAAATTCGTCTCACCAATTCATTAAAATCCTGAAATACTAATGTTTTAAGGCAATAATTCATAGTATTCCCATAGGGTAAACATATAAGACCTCCACTGAGAATCTTGATGTCTTGGCAATTTTAAAATGAAAGTTCTTGAACTGACAACTAAGAATGATACCATCCATGATCTTAACCCATTCGACAAGAATTTAAAAGGCTAGAACATATCCTGTACACAGCTAACAGACCACCAAATGTGAAGTCGACGAATTTTTGGCATCACTTAATGCGAGCCACAGTCACCACAATGAAGACGAACACTGCGAGCATGAAGGACATTCTCACTGTATCGTCATACAAATCATAGTCCTCACTCTGAGCTTGAAAGAGCATGTTCACAAGCTTAAGTATGCTCTCAAGGAATTCCTTGATCTTTGCTTGGGTGGTTTCCATGACCCACTTCATCACTCCAGGAGAAGCAGAAGA
CDS Sequence
  • >LOC_Os04g46470.1
    ATGGCAACACAAGCGATTGCACCGATGCACGCCGCCGTCGTGCACCGCCACCACGTTCTACCACCCCGCCGCTGCGTGCGCCGCCGTGGCGTCTTCGTCCGCGCCTCGGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGAGACGGACACGCTGTCCGCGGCCTTCTGGGACTACAACCTCCTCTTCCGGTCGCAGCGCGACGAGTGCCTCGACTCCATCCCGCTCCGCGTCACCGAGGGCGCGATCCCGCCCGACTTCCCGGCCGGCACCTACTACCTCGCCGGGCCGGGCATCTTCTCCGACGACCACGGCTCCACCGTCCACCCCCTCGACGGCCACGGCTACCTCCGCTCCTTCCGCTTCCGGCCCGGCGACCGCACCATCCACTACTCCGCGCGGTTCGTGGAGACGGCGGCGAAGAGGGAGGAGAGCCGGGACGGCGCGTCGTGGCGGTTCACGCACCGGGGGCCCTTCTCCGTGCTGCAGGGCGGGAAGAAGGTGGGCAATGTGAAGGTGATGAAGAACGTGGCCAACACCAGCGTGCTGCGGTGGGGCGGCCGGCTGCTCTGCCTCTGGGAGGGCGGCCAGCCGTACGAGGTTGACCCCCGGACGCTCGAGACCGTCGGCCCGTTCGACCTGCTCGGCCTCGCCGCCGCCGACGACAACAAGGCAACGAACGCGTCTGCAGCACGACGGCCGTGGCTGCAGGAGGCCGGCCTCGACGCCGCCGCGCGCCTGCTGCGCCCTGTTCTTAGCGGGGTGTTCGACATGCCGGGCAAGAGGCTGCTGGCGCACTACAAGATCGACCCGCGGCGGGGGCGTCTGCTGATGGTCGCCTGCAACGCCGAGGACATGCTCCTCCCGCGATCCCACTTCACTTTCTACGAGTTCGACGCCCACTTCGACCTCGTCCAGAAGCGTGAGTTCGTCGTGCCGGACCACCTCATGATCCACGACTGGGCCTTCACCGACACCCACTACATCCTCCTCGGCAACAGGATCAAGCTCGACATCCCCGGATCGCTGCTGGCATTGACGGGCACTCACCCGATGATCGCGGCGCTGGCCGTGGACCCGAGAAGGCAGTCGACGCCGGTGTACCTGCTTCCGCGCTCCCCGGAGACCGAGGCGGGCGGCCGCGACTGGAGCGTGCCGATCGAGGCGCCGTCGCAGATGTGGTCCGTGCACGTCGGCAACGCGTTCGAGGAGGCGAACCGCCGGGGCGGCCTCGACGTCCGGCTGCACATGTCAAGCTGCTCCTACCAGTGGTTCCATTTCCACAGGATGTTTGGTTACAATTGGCACCACAAGAAGCTGGACCCGTCGTTCATGAACGCGGCGAAGGGAAAGGAGTGGCTGCCTCGCCTCGTTCAGGTGGCCATCGAGCTCGACAGGACGGGAGAGTGCCGGAGGTGCTCAGTCAGGAGGCTGTCCGATCAGCACGCCAGGCCGGCGGACTTCCCGGCGATAAACCCAAGCTACGCCAACCAGAGGAACCGGTTCGTCTACGCCGGCGCCGCGTCCGGCTCCCGCAGATTCCTCCCGTACTTCCCGTTCGACAGCGTGGTGAAGGTCGACGTCTCCGATGGATCGGCGCGGTGGTGGTCTACCGACGGGCGCAAGTTCGTCGGCGAGCCGGTCTTCGTCCCGACCGGCGGCGGAGAGGATGGTGGCTATGTTCTTCTTGTAGAGTATGCAGTCTCCAAGCACAGATGCCATCTAGTGGTGCTGGATGCAAAGAAGATAGGGACAGAGAATGCACTTGTGGCAAAACTAGAGGTGCCAAAGAACCTCACTTTTCCAATGGGATTCCATGGTTTCTGGGGAGATGAATGA
Protein Sequence
  • >LOC_Os04g46470.1
    MATQAIAPMHAAVVHRHHVLPPRRCVRRRGVFVRASAAAAAAAAETDTLSAAFWDYNLLFRSQRDECLDSIPLRVTEGAIPPDFPAGTYYLAGPGIFSDDHGSTVHPLDGHGYLRSFRFRPGDRTIHYSARFVETAAKREESRDGASWRFTHRGPFSVLQGGKKVGNVKVMKNVANTSVLRWGGRLLCLWEGGQPYEVDPRTLETVGPFDLLGLAAADDNKATNASAARRPWLQEAGLDAAARLLRPVLSGVFDMPGKRLLAHYKIDPRRGRLLMVACNAEDMLLPRSHFTFYEFDAHFDLVQKREFVVPDHLMIHDWAFTDTHYILLGNRIKLDIPGSLLALTGTHPMIAALAVDPRRQSTPVYLLPRSPETEAGGRDWSVPIEAPSQMWSVHVGNAFEEANRRGGLDVRLHMSSCSYQWFHFHRMFGYNWHHKKLDPSFMNAAKGKEWLPRLVQVAIELDRTGECRRCSVRRLSDQHARPADFPAINPSYANQRNRFVYAGAASGSRRFLPYFPFDSVVKVDVSDGSARWWSTDGRKFVGEPVFVPTGGGEDGGYVLLVEYAVSKHRCHLVVLDAKKIGTENALVAKLEVPKNLTFPMGFHGFWGDE*