Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • The NH4(+) uptake of roots is mainly governed by membrane transporters, with OsAMT1;1 being a prominent member of the OsAMT1 gene family that is known to be involved in NH4(+) transport in rice plants.
  • A transgenic approach was undertaken to investigate the role of a rice ammonium transporter (OsAMT1.1) in ammonium uptake and consequent ammonium assimilation under different nitrogen regimes.
  • OsAMT1;1 also enhanced overall plant growth, especially under suboptimal NH4(+) levels.
  • These results suggest that OsAMT1;1 has the potential for improving nitrogen use efficiency, plant growth, and grain yield under both suboptimal and optimal nitrogen fertilizer conditions.
  • Gene expression analysis of members of ammonium transporter gene family in flag leaves during active grain filling stage revealed that all the three members of OsAMT3 family genes (OsAMT1;1-3), only one member of OsAMT2 family i.
  • To study the regulation of ammonium uptake into rice roots, three ammonium transporter genes (OsAMT1;1, 1;2 and 1;3; Oryza sativa ammonium transporter) were isolated and examined.
  • Northern blot analysis showed a distinct expression pattern for the three genes; more constitutive expression in shoots and roots for OsAMT1;1, root-specific and ammonium-inducible expression for OsAMT1;2, and root-specific and nitrogen-derepressible expression for OsAMT1;3.
  • In both the genotypes, both increase and decline in seed protein contents matched with the expressions levels of OsAMT1;1, OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 in the flag leaves during grain filling stage indicating that high nitrogen nutrition in KN3119 probably causes the repression of these genes which might be important during grain filling.
  • CONCLUSIONS: The severe reduction in nucleotide variation at OsAMT1;1 in rice was caused by a selective sweep around OsAMT1;1, which may reflect the nitrogen uptake system under strong selection by the paddy soil during the domestication of rice.
  • OsAMT1;1 is a high-affinity ammonium transporter in rice (Oryza sativa L.
  • rufipogon on either side of the promoter of OsAMT1;1, demonstrating a strong natural selection within or nearby the ammonium transporter.
  • The three members of the rice OsAMT1 gene family of ammonium transporters show distinct expression patterns; constitutive and ammonium-promoted expression in shoots and roots for OsAMT1;1; root-specific and ammonium-inducible expression for OsAMT1;2; root-specific and nitrogen-repressible expression for OsAMT1;3 [Sonoda et al.
  • This study shows that OsAMT1;1 is a constitutively expressed, nitrogen-responsive gene, and its protein product is localized in the plasma membrane.
  • , OsAMT2;3 and the high affinity OsAMT1;1 were differentially expressed and were affected by different doses of nitrogen.
  • Distinct expression and function of three ammonium transporter genes (OsAMT1;1-1;3) in rice.
  • Transgenic rice lines (L-2 and L-3) overexpressing the OsAMT1;1 gene had the same root structure as the wild type (WT).
  • Ammonium application to roots following a period of nitrogen starvation induced accumulation of OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 mRNA, but a decrease of OsAMT1;3 mRNA levels.
  • The expression patterns of the three genes showed good correlation (positive in OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2, negative in OsAMT1;3) with the root tissue contents of glutamine but not of ammonium.
  • Over-expression of the rice OsAMT1.1 gene increases ammonium uptake and content, but impairs growth and development of plants under high ammonium nutrition.
  • Inhibition of yeast growth or currents elicited from oocytes by ammonium assimilation inhibitor L-methionine sulfoximine indicates that NH4 (+) transport by OsAMT1;1 is likely feedback regulated by accumulation of the substrate.
  • Our results show that OsAMT1;1 is a NH4 (+) transporter with relatively lower affinity to NH4 (+) (110-129 μM in oocytes and yeast cells, respectively).
  • In addition, effects of phosphorylation inhibitors imply that NH4 (+) uptake by OsAMT1;1 is also modulated by tyrosine-specific protein kinase or calcium-regulated serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase involved phosphorylation processes.
  • The OsAMT1.1 gene functions in ammonium uptake and ammonium-potassium homeostasis over low and high ammonium concentration ranges.
  • Spatial expression analysis showed that the upregulated expression of OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 and downregulated expression of OsAMT1;3 by ammonium were higher in the root mature region than in the root tips.
  • Upon exposure to ammonium, localization of OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 was also observed in the endoplasmic reticulum, but their abundance in the plasma membrane was not changed.
  • OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 Coordinate Root Morphological and Physiological Responses to Ammonium for Efficient Nitrogen Foraging in Rice.
  • The two independent double mutants (dko) defective in OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 failed to induce NH4+ uptake and stimulate LR formation, suggesting that OsAMT1s conferred the substrate-dependent root NH4+ foraging.

Literature:

Gene Resources:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >LOC_Os04g43070.1
    AAAAATGAAGGCGAGATTAATTCGAAACCATACACATCATCATCCACATCTCGTCGTTTGTCTCACAGGACATGACACAGGGAGCGAAAACCACATCATTAATCGCGGCCTACAGCTACACATCCAGATTCTCCCGGGATCCCCGAAACGGCTCCCACCCCGCAACCGCCGCAAGCCGACCCAGCCAAAGGAGATCCCCCTCCACCACGGAAGATTCACTGCGCGGTGGGCCCCGCCGCCAAAAACCAAAACGACGAAACCATTCCGCGTCATCTCTCCCGCACGGCGAGCGAGCGAGCGAGCGACCTGACCTCCTCCTCCTATAAATCCGGCGCCAGCGTTTCTCCCCAACCTCCCACGCCCAATCCTGCCGCCGTTTCAGCAGCTCTAGTTTGAACGAGGGATCGTAGAGAGGAGGGTTTGGTGAGGGAGGGAGGAAGATGGCGACGTGCGCGGCGGACCTGGCGCCGCTGCTGGGGCCGGTGGCGGCGAACGCGACGGACTACCTGTGCAACCGGTTCGCCGACACGACGTCGGCGGTGGACGCGACGTACCTGCTCTTCTCGGCGTACCTCGTGTTCGCCATGCAGCTCGGGTTCGCGATGCTCTGCGCCGGGTCGGTGCGGGCCAAGAACACGATGAACATCATGCTCACCAACGTGCTCGACGCCGCGGCCGGGGCGCTCTTCTACTACCTCTTCGGCTTCGCCTTCGCCTTCGGCACGCCGTCCAACGGCTTCATCGGGAAGCAGTTCTTCGGCCTCAAGCACATGCCGCAGACCGGGTTCGACTACGACTTCTTCCTCTTCCAGTGGGCCTTCGCCATCGCCGCCGCCGGGATCACGTCGGGCTCCATCGCCGAGAGGACGCAGTTCGTCGCCTACCTCATCTACTCCGCCTTCCTCACCGGGTTCGTCTACCCGGTGGTGTCCCACTGGATCTGGTCCGCCGATGGGTGGGCCTCTGCCTCCCGCACGTCCGGACCTCTGCTGTTCGGCTCCGGTGTCATCGACTTCGCCGGCTCCGGCGTCGTCCACATGGTCGGCGGTGTCGCCGGGCTCTGGGGCGCGCTCATCGAGGGCCCCCGCATCGGGAGGTTCGACCACGCCGGCCGATCGGTGGCGCTCAAGGGCCACAGCGCGTCGCTCGTCGTGCTTGGCACCTTCCTGCTGTGGTTCGGCTGGTACGGATTCAACCCCGGGTCGTTCACCACCATCCTCAAGACGTACGGCCCGGCCGGCGGCATCAACGGGCAGTGGTCCGGAGTCGGCCGCACCGCCGTGACGACGACCCTGGCCGGCAGCGTGGCGGCGCTCACCACGCTGTTCGGGAAGCGGCTCCAGACGGGGCACTGGAACGTGGTCGACGTCTGCAACGGCCTCCTCGGCGGGTTCGCCGCCATCACCGCCGGGTGCAGCGTCGTCGACCCGTGGGCCGCGATCATCTGCGGGTTCGTCTCGGCGTGGGTGCTCATCGGCCTCAACGCGCTCGCCGCGCGCCTCAAGTTCGACGACCCGCTCGAGGCCGCCCAGCTCCACGGCGGGTGCGGCGCGTGGGGGATCCTCTTCACCGCGCTCTTCGCGAGGCAGAAGTACGTCGAGGAGATCTACGGCGCCGGCCGGCCGTACGGCCTGTTCATGGGCGGCGGCGGCAAGCTGCTCGCCGCGCACGTCATCCAGATCCTGGTCATCTTCGGGTGGGTCAGCTGCACCATGGGACCTCTCTTCTACGGGCTCAAGAAGCTCGGCCTGCTCCGCATCTCCGCCGAGGACGAGACGTCCGGCATGGACCTGACACGGCACGGCGGGTTCGCGTACGTCTACCACGACGAGGACGAGCACGACAAGTCTGGGGTTGGTGGGTTCATGCTCCGGTCCGCGCAGACCCGCGTCGAGCCGGCGGCGGCGGCTGCCTCCAACAGCAACAACCAAGTGTAACCAATCCAGAACGAACGACGTCACAGCGAAGGAAGAAATCACGGGTTTCTCTCCCTCTCCGATCTCGATCGTCACGTCATAAATTTGATCCCCATATTTGATTGCCAGTTTCTGTTTGGGCCAAATGCTTTTGCCGCTCTCTCTGGTGTTGCAAGACTGTAAAAACACTGTAGGATGGACGAGTGTCTTTCACTTTTGCTGGGCTTCTCTTGTGTACAGGCATGCGTACGTGTCTTAGAATGTGTGGTGTGAAGGTGGGAAGAATCAGAGGTTAGGGTTTAATTTTCTTTTGCACAATGGTTACTGCTATTATTGTTTTATTTTGTGGTCGAATTTTATCGTCATAAGGGTGTGGTGGAATGGTGGTCAAGATAGGTGGCTGTGCAGGGCTCAAAGACTTTGCGTGGGTCCTTTTGTCCTGCAGTGCTCTACCTCTCTATCAAAACTTTGGCTTATTTCCTGGAATCTAGTGGTTTGAGAGTGTTTGTTTTATACTCAGTTCTGCATTATGTTTACGATATATATTTTTTTTTACCAAA
CDS Sequence
  • >LOC_Os04g43070.1
    ATGGCGACGTGCGCGGCGGACCTGGCGCCGCTGCTGGGGCCGGTGGCGGCGAACGCGACGGACTACCTGTGCAACCGGTTCGCCGACACGACGTCGGCGGTGGACGCGACGTACCTGCTCTTCTCGGCGTACCTCGTGTTCGCCATGCAGCTCGGGTTCGCGATGCTCTGCGCCGGGTCGGTGCGGGCCAAGAACACGATGAACATCATGCTCACCAACGTGCTCGACGCCGCGGCCGGGGCGCTCTTCTACTACCTCTTCGGCTTCGCCTTCGCCTTCGGCACGCCGTCCAACGGCTTCATCGGGAAGCAGTTCTTCGGCCTCAAGCACATGCCGCAGACCGGGTTCGACTACGACTTCTTCCTCTTCCAGTGGGCCTTCGCCATCGCCGCCGCCGGGATCACGTCGGGCTCCATCGCCGAGAGGACGCAGTTCGTCGCCTACCTCATCTACTCCGCCTTCCTCACCGGGTTCGTCTACCCGGTGGTGTCCCACTGGATCTGGTCCGCCGATGGGTGGGCCTCTGCCTCCCGCACGTCCGGACCTCTGCTGTTCGGCTCCGGTGTCATCGACTTCGCCGGCTCCGGCGTCGTCCACATGGTCGGCGGTGTCGCCGGGCTCTGGGGCGCGCTCATCGAGGGCCCCCGCATCGGGAGGTTCGACCACGCCGGCCGATCGGTGGCGCTCAAGGGCCACAGCGCGTCGCTCGTCGTGCTTGGCACCTTCCTGCTGTGGTTCGGCTGGTACGGATTCAACCCCGGGTCGTTCACCACCATCCTCAAGACGTACGGCCCGGCCGGCGGCATCAACGGGCAGTGGTCCGGAGTCGGCCGCACCGCCGTGACGACGACCCTGGCCGGCAGCGTGGCGGCGCTCACCACGCTGTTCGGGAAGCGGCTCCAGACGGGGCACTGGAACGTGGTCGACGTCTGCAACGGCCTCCTCGGCGGGTTCGCCGCCATCACCGCCGGGTGCAGCGTCGTCGACCCGTGGGCCGCGATCATCTGCGGGTTCGTCTCGGCGTGGGTGCTCATCGGCCTCAACGCGCTCGCCGCGCGCCTCAAGTTCGACGACCCGCTCGAGGCCGCCCAGCTCCACGGCGGGTGCGGCGCGTGGGGGATCCTCTTCACCGCGCTCTTCGCGAGGCAGAAGTACGTCGAGGAGATCTACGGCGCCGGCCGGCCGTACGGCCTGTTCATGGGCGGCGGCGGCAAGCTGCTCGCCGCGCACGTCATCCAGATCCTGGTCATCTTCGGGTGGGTCAGCTGCACCATGGGACCTCTCTTCTACGGGCTCAAGAAGCTCGGCCTGCTCCGCATCTCCGCCGAGGACGAGACGTCCGGCATGGACCTGACACGGCACGGCGGGTTCGCGTACGTCTACCACGACGAGGACGAGCACGACAAGTCTGGGGTTGGTGGGTTCATGCTCCGGTCCGCGCAGACCCGCGTCGAGCCGGCGGCGGCGGCTGCCTCCAACAGCAACAACCAAGTGTAA
Protein Sequence
  • >LOC_Os04g43070.1
    MATCAADLAPLLGPVAANATDYLCNRFADTTSAVDATYLLFSAYLVFAMQLGFAMLCAGSVRAKNTMNIMLTNVLDAAAGALFYYLFGFAFAFGTPSNGFIGKQFFGLKHMPQTGFDYDFFLFQWAFAIAAAGITSGSIAERTQFVAYLIYSAFLTGFVYPVVSHWIWSADGWASASRTSGPLLFGSGVIDFAGSGVVHMVGGVAGLWGALIEGPRIGRFDHAGRSVALKGHSASLVVLGTFLLWFGWYGFNPGSFTTILKTYGPAGGINGQWSGVGRTAVTTTLAGSVAALTTLFGKRLQTGHWNVVDVCNGLLGGFAAITAGCSVVDPWAAIICGFVSAWVLIGLNALAARLKFDDPLEAAQLHGGCGAWGILFTALFARQKYVEEIYGAGRPYGLFMGGGGKLLAAHVIQILVIFGWVSCTMGPLFYGLKKLGLLRISAEDETSGMDLTRHGGFAYVYHDEDEHDKSGVGGFMLRSAQTRVEPAAAAASNSNNQV*