Information report for D11;CPB1
Gene Details
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Functional Descriptions
- Molecular and biochemical studies reveal that two different cytochrome P450s, CYP90B2/OsDWARF4 and CYP724B1/D11, function redundantly in C-22 hydroxylation, the rate-limiting step of brassinosteroid biosynthesis.
- The gene was found to encode a novel cytochrome P450 (CYP724B1), which showed homology to enzymes involved in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis.
- Precise determination of the defective step(s) in BR synthesis in D11 mutants proved intractable because of tissue specificity and the complex control of BR accumulation in plants.
- However, 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-DeoxoTY) and typhasterol (TY), but not any upstream intermediates before these compounds, effectively restored BR response in D11 mutants in a lamina joint bending assay.
- Multiple lines of evidence together suggest that the D11/CYP724B1 gene plays a role in BR synthesis and may be involved in the supply of 6-DeoxoTY and TY in the BR biosynthesis network in rice.
- Consistently, transcriptome analyses revealed that SDG725 depletion results in down-regulation by more than two-fold of over 1000 genes, including D11, BRI1 and BU1, which are known to be involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis or signaling pathways.
- Furthermore, RAVL1 is also required for the expression of the BR biosynthetic genes D2, D11, and BRD1 that are subject to BR negative feedback.
- We have characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf mutant, dwarf11 (D11), that bears seeds of reduced length.
- To understand the mechanism by which seed length is regulated, the D11 gene was isolated by a map-based cloning method.
- The dwarf phenotype of D11 mutants was restored by the application of the brassinolide (BL).
- Overexpression of CPB1/D11 under the background of CPB1 mutant not only rescued normal panicle architecture and plant height, but also had a larger leaf angle and seed size than the controls.
- Genetic transformation experiments confirmed that a His360Leu amino acid substitution residing in the highly conserved region of CPB1/D11 was responsible for the panicle architecture and seed size changes in the CPB1 mutants.
- Overexpression of GNS4 significantly increased organ size, 1000-grain weight, and panicle size, and subsequently enhanced grain yields in both the Nipponbare and Wuyunjing7 (a high-yielding cultivar) backgrounds.
- A single nucleotide polymorphism (deletion) in the promoter region of GNS4 reduced its expression level in the mutant, leading to reduced grain number and smaller grains.
- Morphological and cellular analyses suggested that GNS4 positively regulates grain size by promoting cell elongation.
- GNS4 was identified as a positive regulator of grain number and grain size in rice.
- We characterized a rice mutant GNS4 (grain number and size on chromosome 4) with reduced organ size, fewer grains per panicle, and smaller grains compared with those of WT.
- Map-based cloning indicated that the GNS4 gene, encoding a cytochrome P450 protein, is a novel allele of DWARF11 (D11).
- These results suggest that GNS4 is key target gene with possible applications in rice yield breeding.
- GNS4 can be targeted in breeding programs to increase yields.
- Overall, it can be concluded that PMM1 is an important gene involved in BRs biosynthesis and affecting the differentiation of spikelet primordia and patterns of panicle branches in rice.
- Overexpression of D4 could successfully rescue the abnormal panicle architecture of PMM1 plants, indicating that PMM1/D11 and D4 function redundantly in BRs biosynthesis.
- PMM1 is a new allele of DWARF11 (D11) PMM1 transcripts are preferentially expressed in young panicles, particularly expressed in the primordia of branches and spikelets during inflorescence development.
- Map-based cloning revealed that a large fragment deletion from the 2nd to 9th exons of PMM1 was responsible for the clustered primary branch morphology in PMM1-1.
- Thus, our results demonstrated that PMM1 determines the inflorescence architecture by controlling brassinosteroid biosynthesis in rice.
Functional Keywords
- brassinosteroid , dwarf , BR , lamina , seed , leaf , panicle , architecture , seed-size , panicle-architecture , grain , grains-per-panicle , grain-number , map-based-cloning , grain-yield , yield , grain-size , cell-elongation , breeding , grain-weight , organ-size , panicle-size , spikelet , development , inflorescence , inflorescence-architecture , Brassinosteroid
Literature and News
- H3K36 methylation is critical for brassinosteroid-regulated plant growth and development in rice . DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04873.x ; PMID: 22136623
- Erect leaves caused by brassinosteroid deficiency increase biomass production and grain yield in rice . DOI: 10.1038/nbt1173 ; PMID: 16369540
- A novel cytochrome P450 is implicated in brassinosteroid biosynthesis via the characterization of a rice dwarf mutant, dwarf11, with reduced seed length . DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.024950 ; PMID: 15705958
- RAV-Like1 maintains brassinosteroid homeostasis via the coordinated activation of BRI1 and biosynthetic genes in rice . DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069575 ; PMID: 20581303
- CLUSTERED PRIMARY BRANCH 1, a new allele of DWARF11, controls panicle architecture and seed size in rice . DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12391 ; PMID: 25923523
- GNS4, a novel allele of DWARF11, regulates grain number and grain size in a high-yield rice variety . DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0171-4 ; PMID: 28730412
- Panicle Morphology Mutant 1 (PMM1) determines the inflorescence architecture of rice by controlling brassinosteroid biosynthesis . DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1577-x ; PMID: 30541444
- Notched Belly Grain 4, a Novel Allele of Dwarf 11, Regulates Grain Shape and Seed Germination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) . DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124069 ; PMID: 30558382
Gene Resources
- UniProt: Q6F4F5
- EMBL: AB158759, AK106528, AK119772
- AlphaFoldDB: Q6F4F5
- EnsemblPlants: Os04t0469800-01
- Gramene: Os04t0469800-01
- KEGG: dosa:Os04g0469800
- Orthologous matrix: PWRWETQ
- InterPro: IPR001128, IPR002401, IPR017972
- PANTHER: PTHR24286, PTHR24286:SF37
- SUPFAM: SSF48264
- PROSITE: PS00086
- Gene3D: 1.10.630.10
- OrthoDB: Q6F4F5
- SWISS-MODEL: Q6F4F5
- Conserved Domain Database: cd11043
- eggNOG: KOG0157
Sequences
cDNA Sequence
- >LOC_Os04g39430.1
CCAGAGAAAAATAGAGGGAGGGAGAGGGAGAGAAGCAGAGTGTTGAGCACAAGCTAGTGAAAGGGTTAGATAGAAACTTGGTAGAATAGACAGATAGGCAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGCTTAGCAAGCTAAGGCTTAGCTGCTGCAAGGCTCCATCCATGCTTCTTGTTGTGAGATGAGATTGAGATAAGATGAGCAGGGGGTGGTGGTGCCTGGTGTGAGGCTATAGGTAAGATGGTGGGAGGAGAGCTTGTGCTGGCTGCTCTGGTGATCCTGCTTGCTTTGCTGCTGACCCTGGTGCTGAGCCACTTCCTGCCTTTGCTCCTGAATCCCAAGGCTCCCAAGGGAAGCTTTGGGTGGCCTCTCCTTGGTGAGACGCTGAGGTTCCTCAGTCCTCATGCTAGCAACACCCTGGGCAGCTTCCTGGAGGATCACTGCTCCAGGTATGGGAGGGTGTTTAAGTCCCATCTGTTCTGCACCCCCACCATAGTGTCCTGTGACCAGGAGCTGAACCACTTCATCCTTCAGAATGAGGAGAGGCTGTTTCAGTGCAGCTACCCCAGGCCAATTCATGGCATTCTGGGCAAGTCCTCCATGTTAGTGGTCCTAGGGGAGGACCACAAGAGGCTCAGGAACCTTGCTCTAGCACTGGTCACCTCCACAAAGCTCAAGCCCAGCTACCTTGGCGACATTGAGAAGATTGCACTGCATATAGTTGGGTCATGGCATGGCAAGAGCAAGGACAAGGGGATGGTCAATGTCATCGCCTTCTGCGAGGAGGCAAGAAAGTTTGCATTCAGTGTAATAGTGAAGCAGGTGCTGGGGCTATCACCAGAGGAGCCGGTCACTGCCATGATACTTGAAGATTTCCTCGCCTTCATGAAGGGTCTCATCTCTTTCCCTCTCTACATCCCAGGGACGCCCTATGCCAAAGCTGTGCAGGCCAGAGCGAGGATATCAAGCACTGTGAAGGGTATTATTGAGGAGAGGAGGAATGCTGGCTCCAGCAACAAGGGTGATTTCCTTGATGTGCTGCTTTCAAGCAATGAGCTCTCTGATGAGGAGAAAGTGAGCTTTGTGCTGGATTCCTTACTGGGAGGATATGAGACCACCTCACTCTTGATCTCCATGGTTGTGTATTTCCTTGGGCAGTCAGCTCAAGATCTGGAACTAGTGAAGAGGGAGCATGAAGGCATAAGATCGAAGAAAGAGAAGGACGAGTTCTTGAGCTCTGAAGACTATAAGAAGATGGAATATACCCAACATGTTATCAATGAGGCACTGAGATGTGGCAACATTGTCAAGTTTGTCCACAGGAAGGCTCTCAAAGATGTCAGATACAAAGAGTATCTGATTCCTTCTGGTTGGAAGGTCCTACCTGTTTTCAGTGCTGTTCATTTGAACCCCTTACTTCATGGAAATGCCCAACAATTTCAGCCCTGCAGATGGGAGGGTGCAAGCCAAGGGACAAGCAAGAAGTTTACGCCGTTCGGCGGTGGCCCCCGGCTCTGCCCTGGATCAGAGCTTGCAAAAGTAGAGGCTGCTTTCTTCCTCCATCACCTTGTGCTCAATTATAGATGGAGAATCGATGGCGATGACATTCCGATGGCATACCCGTACGTGGAGTTCCAGAGAGGTCTGCCCATAGAAATCGAGCCACTTTGCTCTGAATCCTGACAGGTTTGCAGTTGCAGCCACGGTGAGCGAGTTCATCAAATCATCCCCGCAAGCGAGGGGGAGATGCGGGCGAGAACGACGGACTGAGAGGATTAGTCAGTGAAACAAAAAAAAGGAGAGAAAATATTTCAAGAACTGAAGAATGCACTGAGCATTAGCTAGTAGTACCTATCAATGAGCCAAGCTGAGATTGTAATTTGCTGTACATGGTGTAGATATATTTTGTCCATGCCGATTGCTTGCGGTGGTGGTGGTGCGGTGCTTCACCCTGTAACATCCTCCACTGTTTCAACTTTCATCTGCTATTCTATAGAAGAAAAAAAAAAGAAGAAAATTGGGCTATTGGGCTATTGAAAAGATTTTGGATGAAGCCAAAGATCTTCAAAAACAAA - >LOC_Os04g39430.2
CCAGAGAAAAATAGAGGGAGGGAGAGGGAGAGAAGCAGAGTGTTGAGCACAAGCTAGTGAAAGGGTTAGATAGAAACTTGGTAGAATAGACAGATAGGCAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGCTTAGCAAGCTAAGGCTTAGCTGCTGCAAGGCTCCATCCATGCTTCTTGTTGTGAGATGAGATTGAGATAAGATGAGCAGGGGGTGGTGGTGCCTGGTGTGAGGCTATAGGTAAGATGGTGGGAGGAGAGCTTGTGCTGGCTGCTCTGGTGATCCTGCTTGCTTTGCTGCTGACCCTGGTGCTGAGCCACTTCCTGCCTTTGCTCCTGAATCCCAAGGCTCCCAAGGGAAGCTTTGGGTGGCCTCTCCTTGGTGAGACGCTGAGGTTCCTCAGTCCTCATGCTAGCAACACCCTGGGCAGCTTCCTGGAGGATCACTGCTCCAGGTATGGGAGGGTGTTTAAGTCCCATCTGTTCTGCACCCCCACCATAGTGTCCTGTGACCAGGAGCTGAACCACTTCATCCTTCAGAATGAGGAGAGGCTGTTTCAGTGCAGCTACCCCAGGCCAATTCATGGCATTCTGGGCAAGTCCTCCATGTTAGTGGTCCTAGGGGAGGACCACAAGAGGCTCAGGAACCTTGCTCTAGCACTGGTCACCTCCACAAAGCTCAAGCCCAGCTACCTTGGCGACATTGAGAAGATTGCACTGCATATAGTTGGGTCATGGCATGGCAAGAGCAAGGACAAGGGGATGGTCAATGTCATCGCCTTCTGCGAGGAGGCAAGAAAGTTTGCATTCAGTGTAATAGTGAAGCAGGTGCTGGGGCTATCACCAGAGGAGCCGGTCACTGCCATGATACTTGAAGATTTCCTCGCCTTCATGAAGGGTCTCATCTCTTTCCCTCTCTACATCCCAGGGACGCCCTATGCCAAAGCTGTGCAGGCCAGAGCGAGGATATCAAGCACTGTGAAGGGTATTATTGAGGAGAGGAGGAATGCTGGCTCCAGCAACAAGGGTGATTTCCTTGATGTGCTGCTTTCAAGCAATGAGCTCTCTGATGAGGAGAAAGTGAGCTTTGTGCTGGATTCCTTACTGGGAGGATATGAGACCACCTCACTCTTGATCTCCATGGTTGTGTATTTCCTTGGGCAGTCAGCTCAAGATCTGGAACTAGTGAAGAGGGAGCATGAAGGCATAAGATCGAAGAAAGAGAAGGACGAGTTCTTGAGCTCTGAAGACTATAAGAAGATGGAATATACCCAACATGTTATCAATGAGGCACTGAGATGTGGCAACATTGTCAAGTTTGTCCACAGGAAGGCTCTCAAAGATGTCAGATACAAAGAGTATCTGATTCCTTCTGGTTGGAAGGTCCTACCTGTTTTCAGTGCTGTTCATTTGAACCCCTTACTTCATGGAAATGCCCAACAATTTCAGCCCTGCAGATGGGAGGGTGCAAGCCAAGGGACAAGCAAGAAGTTTACGCCGTTCGGCGGTGGCCCCCGGCTCTGCCCTGGATCAGAGCTTGCAAAAGTAGAGGCTGCTTTCTTCCTCCATCACCTTGTGCTCAATTATAGATGGAGAATCGATGGCGATGACATTCCGATGGCATACCCGTACGTGGAGTTCCAGAGAGGTCTGCCCATAGAAATCGAGCCACTTTGCTCTGAATCCTGACAGGTTTGCAGTTGCAGCCACGGTGAGCGAGTTCATCAAATCATCCCCGCAAGCGAGGGGGAGATGCGGGCGAGAACGACGGACTGAGAGGATTAGTCAGTGAAACAAAAAAAAGGAGAGAAAATATTTCAAGAACTGAAGAATGCACTGAGCATTAGCTAGTAGTACCTATCAATGAGCCAAGCTGAGATTGTAATTTGCTGTACATGGTGTAGATATATTTTGTCCATGCCGATTGCTTGCGGTGGTGGTGGTGCGGTGCTTCACCCTGTAACATCCTCCACTGTTTCAACTTTCATCTGCTATTCTATAGAAGAAAAAAAAAAGAAGAAAATTGGGCTATTGGGCTATTGAAAAGATTTTGGATGAAGCCAAAGATCTTCAAAAACAAA
CDS Sequence
- >LOC_Os04g39430.1
ATGGTGGGAGGAGAGCTTGTGCTGGCTGCTCTGGTGATCCTGCTTGCTTTGCTGCTGACCCTGGTGCTGAGCCACTTCCTGCCTTTGCTCCTGAATCCCAAGGCTCCCAAGGGAAGCTTTGGGTGGCCTCTCCTTGGTGAGACGCTGAGGTTCCTCAGTCCTCATGCTAGCAACACCCTGGGCAGCTTCCTGGAGGATCACTGCTCCAGGTATGGGAGGGTGTTTAAGTCCCATCTGTTCTGCACCCCCACCATAGTGTCCTGTGACCAGGAGCTGAACCACTTCATCCTTCAGAATGAGGAGAGGCTGTTTCAGTGCAGCTACCCCAGGCCAATTCATGGCATTCTGGGCAAGTCCTCCATGTTAGTGGTCCTAGGGGAGGACCACAAGAGGCTCAGGAACCTTGCTCTAGCACTGGTCACCTCCACAAAGCTCAAGCCCAGCTACCTTGGCGACATTGAGAAGATTGCACTGCATATAGTTGGGTCATGGCATGGCAAGAGCAAGGACAAGGGGATGGTCAATGTCATCGCCTTCTGCGAGGAGGCAAGAAAGTTTGCATTCAGTGTAATAGTGAAGCAGGTGCTGGGGCTATCACCAGAGGAGCCGGTCACTGCCATGATACTTGAAGATTTCCTCGCCTTCATGAAGGGTCTCATCTCTTTCCCTCTCTACATCCCAGGGACGCCCTATGCCAAAGCTGTGCAGGCCAGAGCGAGGATATCAAGCACTGTGAAGGGTATTATTGAGGAGAGGAGGAATGCTGGCTCCAGCAACAAGGGTGATTTCCTTGATGTGCTGCTTTCAAGCAATGAGCTCTCTGATGAGGAGAAAGTGAGCTTTGTGCTGGATTCCTTACTGGGAGGATATGAGACCACCTCACTCTTGATCTCCATGGTTGTGTATTTCCTTGGGCAGTCAGCTCAAGATCTGGAACTAGTGAAGAGGGAGCATGAAGGCATAAGATCGAAGAAAGAGAAGGACGAGTTCTTGAGCTCTGAAGACTATAAGAAGATGGAATATACCCAACATGTTATCAATGAGGCACTGAGATGTGGCAACATTGTCAAGTTTGTCCACAGGAAGGCTCTCAAAGATGTCAGATACAAAGAGTATCTGATTCCTTCTGGTTGGAAGGTCCTACCTGTTTTCAGTGCTGTTCATTTGAACCCCTTACTTCATGGAAATGCCCAACAATTTCAGCCCTGCAGATGGGAGGGTGCAAGCCAAGGGACAAGCAAGAAGTTTACGCCGTTCGGCGGTGGCCCCCGGCTCTGCCCTGGATCAGAGCTTGCAAAAGTAGAGGCTGCTTTCTTCCTCCATCACCTTGTGCTCAATTATAGATGGAGAATCGATGGCGATGACATTCCGATGGCATACCCGTACGTGGAGTTCCAGAGAGGTCTGCCCATAGAAATCGAGCCACTTTGCTCTGAATCCTGA - >LOC_Os04g39430.2
ATGGTGGGAGGAGAGCTTGTGCTGGCTGCTCTGGTGATCCTGCTTGCTTTGCTGCTGACCCTGGTGCTGAGCCACTTCCTGCCTTTGCTCCTGAATCCCAAGGCTCCCAAGGGAAGCTTTGGGTGGCCTCTCCTTGGTGAGACGCTGAGGTTCCTCAGTCCTCATGCTAGCAACACCCTGGGCAGCTTCCTGGAGGATCACTGCTCCAGGTATGGGAGGGTGTTTAAGTCCCATCTGTTCTGCACCCCCACCATAGTGTCCTGTGACCAGGAGCTGAACCACTTCATCCTTCAGAATGAGGAGAGGCTGTTTCAGTGCAGCTACCCCAGGCCAATTCATGGCATTCTGGGCAAGTCCTCCATGTTAGTGGTCCTAGGGGAGGACCACAAGAGGCTCAGGAACCTTGCTCTAGCACTGGTCACCTCCACAAAGCTCAAGCCCAGCTACCTTGGCGACATTGAGAAGATTGCACTGCATATAGTTGGGTCATGGCATGGCAAGAGCAAGGACAAGGGGATGGTCAATGTCATCGCCTTCTGCGAGGAGGCAAGAAAGTTTGCATTCAGTGTAATAGTGAAGCAGGTGCTGGGGCTATCACCAGAGGAGCCGGTCACTGCCATGATACTTGAAGATTTCCTCGCCTTCATGAAGGGTCTCATCTCTTTCCCTCTCTACATCCCAGGGACGCCCTATGCCAAAGCTGTGCAGGCCAGAGCGAGGATATCAAGCACTGTGAAGGGTATTATTGAGGAGAGGAGGAATGCTGGCTCCAGCAACAAGGGTGATTTCCTTGATGTGCTGCTTTCAAGCAATGAGCTCTCTGATGAGGAGAAAGTGAGCTTTGTGCTGGATTCCTTACTGGGAGGATATGAGACCACCTCACTCTTGATCTCCATGGTTGTGTATTTCCTTGGGCAGTCAGCTCAAGATCTGGAACTAGTGAAGAGGGAGCATGAAGGCATAAGATCGAAGAAAGAGAAGGACGAGTTCTTGAGCTCTGAAGACTATAAGAAGATGGAATATACCCAACATGTTATCAATGAGGCACTGAGATGTGGCAACATTGTCAAGTTTGTCCACAGGAAGGCTCTCAAAGATGTCAGATACAAAGAGTATCTGATTCCTTCTGGTTGGAAGGTCCTACCTGTTTTCAGTGCTGTTCATTTGAACCCCTTACTTCATGGAAATGCCCAACAATTTCAGCCCTGCAGATGGGAGGGTGCAAGCCAAGGGACAAGCAAGAAGTTTACGCCGTTCGGCGGTGGCCCCCGGCTCTGCCCTGGATCAGAGCTTGCAAAAGTAGAGGCTGCTTTCTTCCTCCATCACCTTGTGCTCAATTATAGATGGAGAATCGATGGCGATGACATTCCGATGGCATACCCGTACGTGGAGTTCCAGAGAGGTCTGCCCATAGAAATCGAGCCACTTTGCTCTGAATCCTGA
Protein Sequence
- >LOC_Os04g39430.1
MVGGELVLAALVILLALLLTLVLSHFLPLLLNPKAPKGSFGWPLLGETLRFLSPHASNTLGSFLEDHCSRYGRVFKSHLFCTPTIVSCDQELNHFILQNEERLFQCSYPRPIHGILGKSSMLVVLGEDHKRLRNLALALVTSTKLKPSYLGDIEKIALHIVGSWHGKSKDKGMVNVIAFCEEARKFAFSVIVKQVLGLSPEEPVTAMILEDFLAFMKGLISFPLYIPGTPYAKAVQARARISSTVKGIIEERRNAGSSNKGDFLDVLLSSNELSDEEKVSFVLDSLLGGYETTSLLISMVVYFLGQSAQDLELVKREHEGIRSKKEKDEFLSSEDYKKMEYTQHVINEALRCGNIVKFVHRKALKDVRYKEYLIPSGWKVLPVFSAVHLNPLLHGNAQQFQPCRWEGASQGTSKKFTPFGGGPRLCPGSELAKVEAAFFLHHLVLNYRWRIDGDDIPMAYPYVEFQRGLPIEIEPLCSES* - >LOC_Os04g39430.2
MVGGELVLAALVILLALLLTLVLSHFLPLLLNPKAPKGSFGWPLLGETLRFLSPHASNTLGSFLEDHCSRYGRVFKSHLFCTPTIVSCDQELNHFILQNEERLFQCSYPRPIHGILGKSSMLVVLGEDHKRLRNLALALVTSTKLKPSYLGDIEKIALHIVGSWHGKSKDKGMVNVIAFCEEARKFAFSVIVKQVLGLSPEEPVTAMILEDFLAFMKGLISFPLYIPGTPYAKAVQARARISSTVKGIIEERRNAGSSNKGDFLDVLLSSNELSDEEKVSFVLDSLLGGYETTSLLISMVVYFLGQSAQDLELVKREHEGIRSKKEKDEFLSSEDYKKMEYTQHVINEALRCGNIVKFVHRKALKDVRYKEYLIPSGWKVLPVFSAVHLNPLLHGNAQQFQPCRWEGASQGTSKKFTPFGGGPRLCPGSELAKVEAAFFLHHLVLNYRWRIDGDDIPMAYPYVEFQRGLPIEIEPLCSES*