Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • These results indicate that both PLA1 and PLA2 act downstream of the GA signal transduction pathway to regulate leaf development.
  • Here, we present a detailed analysis of plastochron2 (PLA2), a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant that exhibits shortened plastochron and precocious maturation of leaves during the vegetative phase and ectopic shoot formation during the reproductive phase.
  • We found that gibberellin (GA) is the major phytohormone that promotes PLA1 and PLA2 expression.
  • Rice PLASTOCHRON 1 (PLA1) and PLA2 genes regulate leaf maturation and plastochron, and their loss-of-function mutants exhibit small organs and rapid leaf emergence.
  • Here, we reported the characterization of the rice leafy-head2 (LHD2) mutant that exhibits shortened plastochron, dwarfism, reduced tiller number, and failure of phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth.
  • pla3 exhibits similar phenotypes to pla1 and PLA2- a shortened plastochron, precocious leaf maturation and rachis branch-to-shoot conversion in the reproductive phase.
  • However, in contrast to pla1 and PLA2, pla3 showed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged embryo, seed vivipary, defects in SAM maintenance and aberrant leaf morphology.
  • GA induced PLA1 and PLA2 expression, and conversely the GA-inhibitor uniconazole suppressed PLA1 and PLA2 expression.
  • In pla1-4 and PLA2-1 seedlings, expression levels of GA biosynthesis genes and the signal transduction gene were similar to those in wild-type seedlings.
  • GA treatment slightly down-regulated the GA biosynthesis gene GA20ox2 and up-regulated the GA-catabolizing gene GA2ox4, whereas the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole up-regulated GA20ox2 and down-regulated GA2ox4 both in wild-type and pla mutants, suggesting that the GA feedback mechanism is not impaired in pla1 and PLA2.
  • To reveal how GA signal transduction affects the expression of PLA1 and PLA2, PLA expression in GA-signaling mutants was examined.
  • Anatomical and histological study revealed that the rapid emergence of leaves in LHD2 was resulted from the rapid initiation of leaf primordia whereas the reduced tiller number was a consequence of the suppression of the tiller bud outgrowth.
  • Here, we investigated how PLA1 and PLA2 genes are related to phytohormones.
  • PLA2 is expressed predominantly in young leaf primordia.
  • We show that PLA2 normally acts to retard the rate of leaf maturation but does so independently of PLA1, which encodes a member of the P450 family.
  • The similar phenotypes caused by LHD2 mutation and the conserved expression pattern of LHD2 indicated a conserved mechanism in controlling the temporal leaf initiation in grass.
  • Comparison of genome-scale expression profiles between wild-type and LHD2 plants suggested that LHD2 may regulate rice shoot development through KNOX and hormone-related genes.

Literature:

Gene Resources:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >LOC_Os01g68000.1
    ATGGAGGAAGGAGGTGGGAGTGGCGTGGGTGGGATGCAGGGAGCGGCGTCGAATCTTCTGGACGCCGGAGCTCAGGCGTTCTACCCTGCCGTCGGCGCGCCGTTCCCGTTCCAGCAGCTTCCGCACCAGCTGTACTGCCCGCAGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGTACCAGGTCATGCCGGTGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGGTGGGCTTGCCTGTACCGCCGCTGCCGGCGACGATGGCGCCGCAGCCGGGCTACTGCGTGCCGGCGGCCGCGACGGTGGTGGACGGTCCGGCCAGCCGCGCCGTCGTGCTGAGCCTGGTGCCGCCGCACGCGCCGGAGGACGAGATCGCCCGCGCGATGGCTCCGTTCGGTGCGGTGCGCGCCGTGGACGCGTCGGCGGTGGCGTCCGAGGGCGTCGCGACCGTCTACTTCTTCGATCTCCGCTCCGCCGAGCACGCCGTCACGGGGGTCCGCGAGCAGCACATCCGGCAGCAGTGCCGGCTCGGCCAGCTCTACGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCTCGTCCCCGACCTGGCCCCCGCCGGCGTGGGACTGGCCCCACGACGACAACCGCGGGCTCGTCCTCGGCCAGGCCGTCTGGGCCCACTTCGCCGCCGCCTCCACCGTCCCCGACGACGGCGCCAGCCGCGGCTCCCTCGTCGTGCTCAATTCCCTCCCCGCCATGTCCGTGTTCGAACTCCGCGAAATCTTCCAAGCATACGGTGACGTGAAGGACGTGAGGGAGTCGGCGCTGCGGCCGAGCAACAAGTTCGTCGAGTTCTTCGACACGCGCGACGCCGACCGCGCGCTCCACGAGCTCAACGGCAAGGAGCTCTTCGGCCGCCGCCTCGTCGTCGAGTACACGCGCCCTTCCCTCCCCGGCCCACGCAGGCGCGGGCACGTGTCGCACCAGCCCTTGGCCCCGACGCCGCCGAGGCTGCAGGCGGCTTGGCGGCCGGCGCCGGCGCCGTCGCAGTCTGCGCAGCCGTCGTCGTCTGGCTCCGGCAAGGCGAGGGAAGGCGTGGTGCTTCTGCGCAGGAGCTCCGGGAAAGGTAGCTCGGGTAGCCAGTCCAAGGGCGGTGGCAATGCTGGCCACGAGCGGAAGAGCAAGGGCGGCAAGAGCGCCGCGGCGGCGTGTTCGACGGCGGCTTCAGCATCGTCGTCTACCGCAACGGCGCCCAGCAAGCAAAGCCAGAAAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGTGGCGGGAGCTGGAGAGGCCAGAAGAGCGGGTGGGAGGCTCGCTTCCTGTTCAAAGAACCCGAGGCCGCGGCCGCCGCCGCCGGCGACGCTGCCGCCTCCGAGACGCATGAGCCGGCGAGCTGCAAGGACACGAGAACCACCGTGATGATCAGGAACATCCCAAACAAGTACAGCCAGAAGCTGCTGCTCAACATGCTGGACAACCACTGCATCCTCTCCAACCAGCAGATCGAGGCGAGCTGCGAAGACGAAGCCCAGCCATTCTCCTCCTACGATTTCCTCTACCTCCCCATAGATTTCAACAACAAGTGCAACGTGGGCTATGGCTTCGTCAACCTCACCTCGCCGGAGGCTGCCGTGCGGCTGTACAAGGCGTTCCACAAGCAACCGTGGGAGGTGTTCAACTCGCGCAAGATTTGCCAAGTGACATACGCACGCGTGCAAGGCCTGGACGCGCTCAAGGAGCACTTCAAGAACTCCAAGTTCCCGTGCGACAGCGACGAGTACCTGCCCGTGGTGTTCTCGCCGCCGCGGGACGGCAAGCTGCTCACGGAGCCGGTGCCGCTGGTCGGCCGCTCGCCGGCACCGTCGTCGGCGTCCGGGGCGTCGTCGCCGCCCAAGAGCTGCGCCGCGAGCGTCGACCCACTCGCGCAGGAGCTCATGACAGCGCCGTCTTCCTCCGGCGACGGCGCCTCCTCCGCCTCCTCGTCCAATGCCCACGCCGACGAGGATGACGTCCATGGCGAAACCGGTGGTGACCGTGGCGACGACGCGGGGCTCGATCTGGAGCTACAGCGCCTAGGCTACACTGACTAGCTGGCGTCTGGCGGCTTTGCTTCGAGAGGTGGT
CDS Sequence
  • >LOC_Os01g68000.1
    ATGGAGGAAGGAGGTGGGAGTGGCGTGGGTGGGATGCAGGGAGCGGCGTCGAATCTTCTGGACGCCGGAGCTCAGGCGTTCTACCCTGCCGTCGGCGCGCCGTTCCCGTTCCAGCAGCTTCCGCACCAGCTGTACTGCCCGCAGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGTACCAGGTCATGCCGGTGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGGTGGGCTTGCCTGTACCGCCGCTGCCGGCGACGATGGCGCCGCAGCCGGGCTACTGCGTGCCGGCGGCCGCGACGGTGGTGGACGGTCCGGCCAGCCGCGCCGTCGTGCTGAGCCTGGTGCCGCCGCACGCGCCGGAGGACGAGATCGCCCGCGCGATGGCTCCGTTCGGTGCGGTGCGCGCCGTGGACGCGTCGGCGGTGGCGTCCGAGGGCGTCGCGACCGTCTACTTCTTCGATCTCCGCTCCGCCGAGCACGCCGTCACGGGGGTCCGCGAGCAGCACATCCGGCAGCAGTGCCGGCTCGGCCAGCTCTACGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCTCGTCCCCGACCTGGCCCCCGCCGGCGTGGGACTGGCCCCACGACGACAACCGCGGGCTCGTCCTCGGCCAGGCCGTCTGGGCCCACTTCGCCGCCGCCTCCACCGTCCCCGACGACGGCGCCAGCCGCGGCTCCCTCGTCGTGCTCAATTCCCTCCCCGCCATGTCCGTGTTCGAACTCCGCGAAATCTTCCAAGCATACGGTGACGTGAAGGACGTGAGGGAGTCGGCGCTGCGGCCGAGCAACAAGTTCGTCGAGTTCTTCGACACGCGCGACGCCGACCGCGCGCTCCACGAGCTCAACGGCAAGGAGCTCTTCGGCCGCCGCCTCGTCGTCGAGTACACGCGCCCTTCCCTCCCCGGCCCACGCAGGCGCGGGCACGTGTCGCACCAGCCCTTGGCCCCGACGCCGCCGAGGCTGCAGGCGGCTTGGCGGCCGGCGCCGGCGCCGTCGCAGTCTGCGCAGCCGTCGTCGTCTGGCTCCGGCAAGGCGAGGGAAGGCGTGGTGCTTCTGCGCAGGAGCTCCGGGAAAGGTAGCTCGGGTAGCCAGTCCAAGGGCGGTGGCAATGCTGGCCACGAGCGGAAGAGCAAGGGCGGCAAGAGCGCCGCGGCGGCGTGTTCGACGGCGGCTTCAGCATCGTCGTCTACCGCAACGGCGCCCAGCAAGCAAAGCCAGAAAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGTGGCGGGAGCTGGAGAGGCCAGAAGAGCGGGTGGGAGGCTCGCTTCCTGTTCAAAGAACCCGAGGCCGCGGCCGCCGCCGCCGGCGACGCTGCCGCCTCCGAGACGCATGAGCCGGCGAGCTGCAAGGACACGAGAACCACCGTGATGATCAGGAACATCCCAAACAAGTACAGCCAGAAGCTGCTGCTCAACATGCTGGACAACCACTGCATCCTCTCCAACCAGCAGATCGAGGCGAGCTGCGAAGACGAAGCCCAGCCATTCTCCTCCTACGATTTCCTCTACCTCCCCATAGATTTCAACAACAAGTGCAACGTGGGCTATGGCTTCGTCAACCTCACCTCGCCGGAGGCTGCCGTGCGGCTGTACAAGGCGTTCCACAAGCAACCGTGGGAGGTGTTCAACTCGCGCAAGATTTGCCAAGTGACATACGCACGCGTGCAAGGCCTGGACGCGCTCAAGGAGCACTTCAAGAACTCCAAGTTCCCGTGCGACAGCGACGAGTACCTGCCCGTGGTGTTCTCGCCGCCGCGGGACGGCAAGCTGCTCACGGAGCCGGTGCCGCTGGTCGGCCGCTCGCCGGCACCGTCGTCGGCGTCCGGGGCGTCGTCGCCGCCCAAGAGCTGCGCCGCGAGCGTCGACCCACTCGCGCAGGAGCTCATGACAGCGCCGTCTTCCTCCGGCGACGGCGCCTCCTCCGCCTCCTCGTCCAATGCCCACGCCGACGAGGATGACGTCCATGGCGAAACCGGTGGTGACCGTGGCGACGACGCGGGGCTCGATCTGGAGCTACAGCGCCTAGGCTACACTGACTAG
Protein Sequence
  • >LOC_Os01g68000.1
    MEEGGGSGVGGMQGAASNLLDAGAQAFYPAVGAPFPFQQLPHQLYCPQPPPPPYQVMPVPPPPPPVGLPVPPLPATMAPQPGYCVPAAATVVDGPASRAVVLSLVPPHAPEDEIARAMAPFGAVRAVDASAVASEGVATVYFFDLRSAEHAVTGVREQHIRQQCRLGQLYAAAAAAAASSPTWPPPAWDWPHDDNRGLVLGQAVWAHFAAASTVPDDGASRGSLVVLNSLPAMSVFELREIFQAYGDVKDVRESALRPSNKFVEFFDTRDADRALHELNGKELFGRRLVVEYTRPSLPGPRRRGHVSHQPLAPTPPRLQAAWRPAPAPSQSAQPSSSGSGKAREGVVLLRRSSGKGSSGSQSKGGGNAGHERKSKGGKSAAAACSTAASASSSTATAPSKQSQKGGGGGGGRGGSWRGQKSGWEARFLFKEPEAAAAAAGDAAASETHEPASCKDTRTTVMIRNIPNKYSQKLLLNMLDNHCILSNQQIEASCEDEAQPFSSYDFLYLPIDFNNKCNVGYGFVNLTSPEAAVRLYKAFHKQPWEVFNSRKICQVTYARVQGLDALKEHFKNSKFPCDSDEYLPVVFSPPRDGKLLTEPVPLVGRSPAPSSASGASSPPKSCAASVDPLAQELMTAPSSSGDGASSASSSNAHADEDDVHGETGGDRGDDAGLDLELQRLGYTD*