Information report for D2;CYP90D2
Gene Details
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Functional Descriptions
- Our chemical analysis suggested that CYP90D2/D2 might catalyze C-3 dehydrogenation step in BR biosynthesis.
- The accumulation profile of BR intermediates in the D2 mutants confirmed that these plants are deficient in late BR biosynthesis.
- The D2 gene encoded a novel cytochrome P450 classified in CYP90D that is highly similar to the reported BR synthesis enzymes.
- Based on these results, we conclude that D2/CYP90D2 catalyzes the steps from 6-deoxoteasterone to 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone and from teasterone to 3-dehydroteasterone in the late BR biosynthesis pathway.
- Furthermore, RAVL1 is also required for the expression of the BR biosynthetic genes D2, D11, and BRD1 that are subject to BR negative feedback.
- Allelic mutations of CYP90D2/D2 confer varying degrees of dwarfism and leaf angle, thus providing useful information for molecular breeding in grain crop plants.
- In feeding experiments, 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone, 3-dehydroteasterone, and brassinolide effectively caused the lamina joints of the D2 plants to bend, whereas more upstream compounds did not cause bending.
- However, in vitro biochemical assays using baculovirus/insect cell-produced proteins revealed that both CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 catalyze C-23 hydroxylation of various 22-hydroxylated brassinosteroids, but with markedly different catalytic efficiencies.
- We showed that the severe dwarf phenotype was caused by a complete deletion of a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP90D2/D2, which was further confirmed in two independent T-DNA insertion lines in different genetic backgrounds and by RNA interference.
- A comprehensive genetic study reveals a crucial role of CYP90D2/D2 in regulating plant architecture in rice (Oryza sativa).
- A rice brassinosteroid-deficient mutant, ebisu dwarf (D2), is caused by a loss of function of a new member of cytochrome P450.
- A rice dwarf mutant, ebisu dwarf (d2), which contains a defective copy of CYP90D2, is known to be a brassinosteroid-deficient mutant, and CYP90D2 has been considered to act as a C-3 dehydrogenase.
- We characterized a rice dwarf mutant, ebisu dwarf (D2).
- The dwarf phenotype of D2 was rescued by exogenous brassinolide treatment.
- We report the biochemical characterization of two brassinosteroid-biosynthetic P450s from rice: CYP90D2 and CYP90D3.
- These results indicate that CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 can act as brassinosteroid C-23 hydroxylases in rice.
- Rice CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 catalyze C-23 hydroxylation of brassinosteroids in vitro.
- SMG11 controls grain size by promoting cell expansion in grain hulls.
- SMG11 regulates cell expansion, at least in part, by influencing expression of several grain size genes involved in the regulation of cell expansion.
- The suitable expression of SMG11 increases grain size, grain weight and grain yield.
- Cloning and sequence analyses of the SMG11 gene reveal that smg11 is a new allele of DWARF2 (D2), which encodes a cytochrome P450 (CYP90D2) involved in brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway.
- These results suggest that OsD2 is associated with the regulation of LTG and improving grain size.
- Brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene OsD2 is associated with low-temperature germinability in rice.
- Thus, OsD2 may be a suitable target for rice breeding programs to improve rice yield and LTG.
- Brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene OsD2 is associated with low-temperature germinability in rice.
Functional Keywords
- BR , grain , lamina , insect , breeding , dwarf , architecture , leaf , brassinosteroid , grain-yield , yield , grain-size , Brassinosteroid , grain-weight , brassinosteroid-biosynthesis , low-temperature-germinability , low-temperature , germinability
Literature and News
- Rice CYP90D2 and CYP90D3 catalyze C-23 hydroxylation of brassinosteroids in vitro . DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.011 ; PMID: 22846333
- Proteomic identification of small, copper-responsive proteins in germinating embryos of Oryza sativa . DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp012 ; PMID: 19201764
- A comprehensive genetic study reveals a crucial role of CYP90D2/D2 in regulating plant architecture in rice (Oryza sativa) . DOI: 10.1111/nph.12427 ; PMID: 23902579
- A rice brassinosteroid-deficient mutant, ebisu dwarf (d2), is caused by a loss of function of a new member of cytochrome P450 . DOI: 10.1105/tpc.014712 ; PMID: 14615594
- RAV-Like1 maintains brassinosteroid homeostasis via the coordinated activation of BRI1 and biosynthetic genes in rice . DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069575 ; PMID: 20581303
- SMALL GRAIN 11 Controls Grain Size, Grain Number and Grain Yield in Rice . DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0136-z ; PMID: 27900723
- Characterization of dwarf and narrow leaf (dnl-4) mutant in rice . DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1849490 ; PMID: 33300429
- Brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene OsD2 is associated with low-temperature germinability in rice . DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985559 ; PMID: 36204076
Gene Resources
- UniProt: Q94IW5
- EMBL: AP003244, AP008207, AP014957
- AlphaFoldDB: Q94IW5
- EnsemblPlants: Os01t0197100-01
- Gramene: Os01t0197100-01
- KEGG: dosa:Os01g0197100
- Orthologous matrix: MKRRMPV
- InterPro: IPR001128, IPR002401, IPR017972
- PANTHER: PTHR24286, PTHR24286:SF30
- SUPFAM: SSF48264
- PROSITE: PS00086
- Gene3D: 1.10.630.10
- OrthoDB: Q94IW5
- SWISS-MODEL: Q94IW5
- Conserved Domain Database: cd11043
- eggNOG: KOG0157
Sequences
cDNA Sequence
- >LOC_Os01g10040.1
ATGGTGTCGGCGGCCGCCGGTTGGGCGGCGCCGGCGTTTGCGGTCGCCGCCGTGGTTATTTGGGTGGTGCTGTGTAGTGAGCTCCTGCGGAGGCGGCGGCGTGGTGCAGGCAGCGGCAAGGGGGACGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGCGCCTCCCGCCGGGGAGCTTCGGGTGGCCAGTGGTGGGCGAGACGCTGGAGTTCGTGTCGTGCGCCTACTCGCCGCGCCCCGAGGCGTTCGTCGACAAGCGCCGGAAGCTGCACGGGAGCGCGGTGTTCAGGTCGCACCTGTTCGGGTCGGCGACGGTGGTGACGGCGGACGCGGAGGTGAGCCGGTTCGTGCTGCAGAGCGACGCGCGGGCGTTCGTGCCGTGGTACCCGCGGTCGCTGACGGAGCTGATGGGCAAGTCCTCCATCCTCCTCATCAACGGCGCGCTCCAGCGACGCGTCCACGGCCTCGTCGGCGCCTTCTTCAAGTCCTCCCACCTCAAGTCCCAGCTCACCGCCGACATGCGCCGCCGCCTCTCCCCCGCCCTCTCCTCCTTCCCCGACTCCTCCCTCCTCCACGTCCAGCACCTCGCCAAGTCGGTGGTGTTCGAAATCCTGGTGAGGGGCCTGATCGGGCTGGAGGCAGGGGAGGAGATGCAGCAGCTGAAGCAGCAATTCCAGGAATTTATTGTCGGCCTCATGTCCCTCCCCATTAAGCTGCCTGGCACTAGGCTCTACAGATCACTCCAGGCCAAGAAGAAGATGGCGAGGCTGATACAGAGGATCATCCGGGAGAAGAGGGCAAGGAGGGCCGCCGCCTCGCCGCCGCGGGACGCCATCGACGTGCTCATCGGAGACGGCAGCGATGAGCTCACCGACGAGCTCATCTCCGACAACATGATCGACCTCATGATCCCCGCCGAGGACTCCGTCCCGGTGCTCATCACGCTCGCCGTCAAGTTCCTCAGCGAGTGCCCTCTCGCCCTGCACCAACTGGAAGAGGAGAACATACAGCTCAAGAGGCGAAAAACCGACATGGGTGAGACCTTGCAATGGACAGACTACATGTCATTGTCATTCACACAACATGTGATAACAGAGACGCTGCGGTTGGGCAACATCATCGGTGGGATCATGCGCAAGGCGGTGCGCGACGTCGAGGTGAAGGGGCACCTCATCCCCAAGGGGTGGTGCGTGTTTGTGTACTTCCGGTCAGTCCACCTCGATGATACGCTCTACGATGAGCCCTACAAGTTCAACCCATGGAGGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACATGAGCAATGGCAGCTTCACTCCTTTTGGTGGTGGGCAGAGGCTGTGCCCAGGCCTGGATCTGGCCAGGCTGGAAGCTTCCATCTTCCTTCACCACTTGGTCACCAGCTTCAGGTGGGTGGCGGAGGAGGACCACATCGTCAACTTCCCCACCGTGCGGCTCAAGCGGGGCATGCCCATCAGGGTCACCGCCAAGGAGGACGACGACTAG - >LOC_Os01g10040.2
ATGGTGTCGGCGGCCGCCGGTTGGGCGGCGCCGGCGTTTGCGGTCGCCGCCGTGGTTATTTGGGTGGTGCTGTGTAGTGAGCTCCTGCGGAGGCGGCGGCGTGGTGCAGGCAGCGGCAAGGGGGACGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGCGCCTCCCGCCGGGGAGCTTCGGGTGGCCAGTGGTGGGCGAGACGCTGGAGTTCGTGTCGTGCGCCTACTCGCCGCGCCCCGAGGCGTTCGTCGACAAGCGCCGGAAGCTGCACGGGAGCGCGGTGTTCAGGTCGCACCTGTTCGGGTCGGCGACGGTGGTGACGGCGGACGCGGAGGTGAGCCGGTTCGTGCTGCAGAGCGACGCGCGGGCGTTCGTGCCGTGGTACCCGCGGTCGCTGACGGAGCTGATGGGCAAGTCCTCCATCCTCCTCATCAACGGCGCGCTCCAGCGACGCGTCCACGGCCTCGTCGGCGCCTTCTTCAAGTCCTCCCACCTCAAGTCCCAGCTCACCGCCGACATGCGCCGCCGCCTCTCCCCCGCCCTCTCCTCCTTCCCCGACTCCTCCCTCCTCCACGTCCAGCACCTCGCCAAGTCGGTGGTGTTCGAAATCCTGGTGAGGGGCCTGATCGGGCTGGAGGCAGGGGAGGAGATGCAGCAGCTGAAGCAGCAATTCCAGGAATTTATTGTCGGCCTCATGTCCCTCCCCATTAAGCTGCCTGGCACTAGGCTCTACAGATCACTCCAGGCCAAGAAGAAGATGGCGAGGCTGATACAGAGGATCATCCGGGAGAAGAGGGCAAGGAGGGCCGCCGCCTCGCCGCCGCGGGACGCCATCGACGTGCTCATCGGAGACGGCAGCGATGAGCTCACCGACGAGCTCATCTCCGACAACATGATCGACCTCATGATCCCCGCCGAGGACTCCGTCCCGGTGCTCATCACGCTCGCCGTCAAGTTCCTCAGCGAGTGCCCTCTCGCCCTGCACCAACTGGAAGAGGAGAACATACAGCTCAAGAGGCGAAAAACCGACATGGGTGAGACCTTGCAATGGACAGACTACATGTCATTGTCATTCACACAACATGTGATAACAGAGACGCTGCGGTTGGGCAACATCATCGGTGGGATCATGCGCAAGGCGGTGCGCGACGTCGAGGTGAAGGGGCACCTCATCCCCAAGGGGTGGTGCGTGTTTGTGTACTTCCGGTCAGTCCACCTCGATGATACGCTCTACGATGAGCCCTACAAGTTCAACCCATGGAGGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACATGAGCAATGGCAGCTTCACTCCTTTTGGTGGTGGGCAGAGGCTGTGCCCAGGCCTGGATCTGGCCAGGCTGGAAGCTTCCATCTTCCTTCACCACTTGGTCACCAGCTTCAGGTGGGTGGCGGAGGAGGACCACATCGTCAACTTCCCCACCGTGCGGCTCAAGCGGGGCATGCCCATCAGGGTCACCGCCAAGGAGGACGACGACTAG
CDS Sequence
- >LOC_Os01g10040.1
ATGGTGTCGGCGGCCGCCGGTTGGGCGGCGCCGGCGTTTGCGGTCGCCGCCGTGGTTATTTGGGTGGTGCTGTGTAGTGAGCTCCTGCGGAGGCGGCGGCGTGGTGCAGGCAGCGGCAAGGGGGACGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGCGCCTCCCGCCGGGGAGCTTCGGGTGGCCAGTGGTGGGCGAGACGCTGGAGTTCGTGTCGTGCGCCTACTCGCCGCGCCCCGAGGCGTTCGTCGACAAGCGCCGGAAGCTGCACGGGAGCGCGGTGTTCAGGTCGCACCTGTTCGGGTCGGCGACGGTGGTGACGGCGGACGCGGAGGTGAGCCGGTTCGTGCTGCAGAGCGACGCGCGGGCGTTCGTGCCGTGGTACCCGCGGTCGCTGACGGAGCTGATGGGCAAGTCCTCCATCCTCCTCATCAACGGCGCGCTCCAGCGACGCGTCCACGGCCTCGTCGGCGCCTTCTTCAAGTCCTCCCACCTCAAGTCCCAGCTCACCGCCGACATGCGCCGCCGCCTCTCCCCCGCCCTCTCCTCCTTCCCCGACTCCTCCCTCCTCCACGTCCAGCACCTCGCCAAGTCGGTGGTGTTCGAAATCCTGGTGAGGGGCCTGATCGGGCTGGAGGCAGGGGAGGAGATGCAGCAGCTGAAGCAGCAATTCCAGGAATTTATTGTCGGCCTCATGTCCCTCCCCATTAAGCTGCCTGGCACTAGGCTCTACAGATCACTCCAGGCCAAGAAGAAGATGGCGAGGCTGATACAGAGGATCATCCGGGAGAAGAGGGCAAGGAGGGCCGCCGCCTCGCCGCCGCGGGACGCCATCGACGTGCTCATCGGAGACGGCAGCGATGAGCTCACCGACGAGCTCATCTCCGACAACATGATCGACCTCATGATCCCCGCCGAGGACTCCGTCCCGGTGCTCATCACGCTCGCCGTCAAGTTCCTCAGCGAGTGCCCTCTCGCCCTGCACCAACTGGAAGAGGAGAACATACAGCTCAAGAGGCGAAAAACCGACATGGGTGAGACCTTGCAATGGACAGACTACATGTCATTGTCATTCACACAACATGTGATAACAGAGACGCTGCGGTTGGGCAACATCATCGGTGGGATCATGCGCAAGGCGGTGCGCGACGTCGAGGTGAAGGGGCACCTCATCCCCAAGGGGTGGTGCGTGTTTGTGTACTTCCGGTCAGTCCACCTCGATGATACGCTCTACGATGAGCCCTACAAGTTCAACCCATGGAGGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACATGAGCAATGGCAGCTTCACTCCTTTTGGTGGTGGGCAGAGGCTGTGCCCAGGCCTGGATCTGGCCAGGCTGGAAGCTTCCATCTTCCTTCACCACTTGGTCACCAGCTTCAGGTGGGTGGCGGAGGAGGACCACATCGTCAACTTCCCCACCGTGCGGCTCAAGCGGGGCATGCCCATCAGGGTCACCGCCAAGGAGGACGACGACTAG - >LOC_Os01g10040.2
ATGGTGTCGGCGGCCGCCGGTTGGGCGGCGCCGGCGTTTGCGGTCGCCGCCGTGGTTATTTGGGTGGTGCTGTGTAGTGAGCTCCTGCGGAGGCGGCGGCGTGGTGCAGGCAGCGGCAAGGGGGACGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGCGCCTCCCGCCGGGGAGCTTCGGGTGGCCAGTGGTGGGCGAGACGCTGGAGTTCGTGTCGTGCGCCTACTCGCCGCGCCCCGAGGCGTTCGTCGACAAGCGCCGGAAGCTGCACGGGAGCGCGGTGTTCAGGTCGCACCTGTTCGGGTCGGCGACGGTGGTGACGGCGGACGCGGAGGTGAGCCGGTTCGTGCTGCAGAGCGACGCGCGGGCGTTCGTGCCGTGGTACCCGCGGTCGCTGACGGAGCTGATGGGCAAGTCCTCCATCCTCCTCATCAACGGCGCGCTCCAGCGACGCGTCCACGGCCTCGTCGGCGCCTTCTTCAAGTCCTCCCACCTCAAGTCCCAGCTCACCGCCGACATGCGCCGCCGCCTCTCCCCCGCCCTCTCCTCCTTCCCCGACTCCTCCCTCCTCCACGTCCAGCACCTCGCCAAGTCGGTGGTGTTCGAAATCCTGGTGAGGGGCCTGATCGGGCTGGAGGCAGGGGAGGAGATGCAGCAGCTGAAGCAGCAATTCCAGGAATTTATTGTCGGCCTCATGTCCCTCCCCATTAAGCTGCCTGGCACTAGGCTCTACAGATCACTCCAGGCCAAGAAGAAGATGGCGAGGCTGATACAGAGGATCATCCGGGAGAAGAGGGCAAGGAGGGCCGCCGCCTCGCCGCCGCGGGACGCCATCGACGTGCTCATCGGAGACGGCAGCGATGAGCTCACCGACGAGCTCATCTCCGACAACATGATCGACCTCATGATCCCCGCCGAGGACTCCGTCCCGGTGCTCATCACGCTCGCCGTCAAGTTCCTCAGCGAGTGCCCTCTCGCCCTGCACCAACTGGAAGAGGAGAACATACAGCTCAAGAGGCGAAAAACCGACATGGGTGAGACCTTGCAATGGACAGACTACATGTCATTGTCATTCACACAACATGTGATAACAGAGACGCTGCGGTTGGGCAACATCATCGGTGGGATCATGCGCAAGGCGGTGCGCGACGTCGAGGTGAAGGGGCACCTCATCCCCAAGGGGTGGTGCGTGTTTGTGTACTTCCGGTCAGTCCACCTCGATGATACGCTCTACGATGAGCCCTACAAGTTCAACCCATGGAGGTGGAAGGAGAAGGACATGAGCAATGGCAGCTTCACTCCTTTTGGTGGTGGGCAGAGGCTGTGCCCAGGCCTGGATCTGGCCAGGCTGGAAGCTTCCATCTTCCTTCACCACTTGGTCACCAGCTTCAGGTGGGTGGCGGAGGAGGACCACATCGTCAACTTCCCCACCGTGCGGCTCAAGCGGGGCATGCCCATCAGGGTCACCGCCAAGGAGGACGACGACTAG
Protein Sequence
- >LOC_Os01g10040.1
MVSAAAGWAAPAFAVAAVVIWVVLCSELLRRRRRGAGSGKGDAAAAARLPPGSFGWPVVGETLEFVSCAYSPRPEAFVDKRRKLHGSAVFRSHLFGSATVVTADAEVSRFVLQSDARAFVPWYPRSLTELMGKSSILLINGALQRRVHGLVGAFFKSSHLKSQLTADMRRRLSPALSSFPDSSLLHVQHLAKSVVFEILVRGLIGLEAGEEMQQLKQQFQEFIVGLMSLPIKLPGTRLYRSLQAKKKMARLIQRIIREKRARRAAASPPRDAIDVLIGDGSDELTDELISDNMIDLMIPAEDSVPVLITLAVKFLSECPLALHQLEEENIQLKRRKTDMGETLQWTDYMSLSFTQHVITETLRLGNIIGGIMRKAVRDVEVKGHLIPKGWCVFVYFRSVHLDDTLYDEPYKFNPWRWKEKDMSNGSFTPFGGGQRLCPGLDLARLEASIFLHHLVTSFRWVAEEDHIVNFPTVRLKRGMPIRVTAKEDDD* - >LOC_Os01g10040.2
MVSAAAGWAAPAFAVAAVVIWVVLCSELLRRRRRGAGSGKGDAAAAARLPPGSFGWPVVGETLEFVSCAYSPRPEAFVDKRRKLHGSAVFRSHLFGSATVVTADAEVSRFVLQSDARAFVPWYPRSLTELMGKSSILLINGALQRRVHGLVGAFFKSSHLKSQLTADMRRRLSPALSSFPDSSLLHVQHLAKSVVFEILVRGLIGLEAGEEMQQLKQQFQEFIVGLMSLPIKLPGTRLYRSLQAKKKMARLIQRIIREKRARRAAASPPRDAIDVLIGDGSDELTDELISDNMIDLMIPAEDSVPVLITLAVKFLSECPLALHQLEEENIQLKRRKTDMGETLQWTDYMSLSFTQHVITETLRLGNIIGGIMRKAVRDVEVKGHLIPKGWCVFVYFRSVHLDDTLYDEPYKFNPWRWKEKDMSNGSFTPFGGGQRLCPGLDLARLEASIFLHHLVTSFRWVAEEDHIVNFPTVRLKRGMPIRVTAKEDDD*