Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • In this study, we performed functional analysis of a rice (Oryza sativa) S1P lyase gene OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco plants and explored its possible involvement in abiotic stress response.
  • Our results suggest that rice OsSPL1 plays an important role in abiotic stress responses.
  • Overexpression of OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and decreased tolerance to salt and oxidative stress, when compared with the wild type.
  • Furthermore, the expression levels of some selected stress-related genes in OsSPL1-overexpressing plants were reduced after application of salt or oxidative stress, indicating that the altered responsiveness of stress-related genes may be responsible for the reduced tolerance in OsSPL1-overexpressing tobacco plants under salt and oxidative stress.
  • Overexpression of rice sphingosine-1-phoshpate lyase gene OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco reduces salt and oxidative stress tolerance.
  • Molecular characterization of rice sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase gene OsSPL1 and functional analysis of its role in disease resistance response.
  • Our results indicate that overexpression of OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated disease resistance and facilitated programmed cell death.
  • Expression of OsSPL1 was down-regulated in rice plants after treatments with salicylic acid, benzothiadiazole and 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, but was induced by infection with a virulent strain of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease.
  • Transgenic tobacco lines with overexpression of OsSPL1 were generated and analyzed for the possible role of OsSPL1 in disease resistance response and PCD.
  • Our results suggest that OsSPL1 has different functions in regulating disease resistance response and PCD in plants.
  • Molecular characterization of rice sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase gene OsSPL1 and functional analysis of its role in disease resistance response.

Literature:

Gene Resources:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.2
    GTGCTCCTACTTGGGAAGTTGGGTGGGATTGGCGTCGTGTTCGTGTAGCTCCTCTTCTCCTCATTGCTGGCTTGGCCTTTGGCTATACCTTCCCTTCATCACCTCCTAGTATAAAGCAATTCAATTCCCAATCCCCCCGGCCCGAAGTGAAGGAAGCGGATCATGGAGCTCGCCATGGATTTTGCGCTCCGCCTCCGCGACGCCGCCAACCACCACCTCTCCCGCTACGAGCCTCTCGTGCTCCTCGCCGCGCCCCTCCTCGCCCTCCTCGCTGCCCGCACCCTCCACGCCGCCGCTGCCGCCGTCGCCGACCGCGGTCTCCGCACCGTCCTCCTCGCTCTAGCCATGACAGCCATCAAGTTGCTTCCGGGAGTTAGCGCCTACATCAACGCTGAGAAGAGGAAGGTCAGCAGCACACGCATCTGAGTTGTTGACCAGCTGCAGTCAGGTGGCACGTCCACAAAAAGTACTCTGCGGACCGAGTTGCCAACTGTTGGGCTTTCCAACCAAGTGATAAACGATCTCGAAACACTGAAAGCTAGAGATGTAAACTGGCAGGGAAAATGCTCTGGCACAGTTTATATTGCTGGGAGTGAATCCGAAGGTCATTTTGCATTGATAAACAAGGCTTACTCTATGTTTTCACACACCAACCCACTTCACCAGGACGTATTCAAGAGTGTGGCACAATTAGAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGCAATGACAGCTGCTTTGCTTGGCATCAAAGAAAAATCATCCGGTGGACAGATTTGTGGTAATATGACATCGGGCGGAACTGAAAGCATATTATTAGCAGTAAAAACATCACGCGACTATATGCGAACAAAGAAGGGCATTACAAAGCCTGAAATGATAATTGCCGAATCAGCACATTCTGCATACGATAAAGCTGCTCAATATTTCAATATTAAAGTGCGGCGTGTGCCAGTGAACAAAGAGTTTCTTGCAGATGTGAAAGGATTCAAAAGGTGTATAAACGGAAATACGATAATGATGGTGGGGTCTGCACCAGGATTTCCTCATGGTTTAATTGATCCTATTGAGGAACTTGGGGAGTTGGCTTCACGATATGACATTTGCTTGCATGTTGATCTCTGCCTTGGTGGATTTGTATTGCCTTTCGCTCGTAAGCTTGGGTACCCTATTCCTCCATTCGACTTCTGTGTCAAGGGAGTTACATCAATCTCAACTGATGTTCATAAGTATGGATTAGCCCCAAAAGGGACAAGCATTGTCCTATATAAAAATCATGAAATTAGAAAGCATCAATTTGTTGCTGTTACTGAATGGACTGGTGGGCTCTATGTTTCACCTACTATTGCTGGAAGTAGGCCTGGTGGGTTGATAGCGGGAGCTTGGGCTGCTATGACGTCTCTTGGACTGAACGGTTATATGGAAAATACAGGTCATATCATGGAAGTGTCGAAGAAAATACAAAGAGGGATTGAAGATATCCCAGGGTTGTTTGTGATTGGAAAGCCAGACATGACTGTCGTGGCATTTGGCTCAGATTCGGTTGATATATTTGAGGTGAACGACATAATGTCATCAAAAGGCTGGCACCTTAATGCTCTGCAGAGACCCAACAGTTTACACATTTGTGTGACACTGCAGCACACGGTCATATATGAGGAATTCCTGAAGGATCTGAAAGATTCAGTGGACACTGTAAAAGCAAATCCAGGGCCTATTAGCGGGGGGCGAGCTCCGATTTACGGAGCTGCTGGCAAGATGCCGGACAGAGGCATGGTCAGGGAGCTGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGACGCGTCTTGCTGAACATATAATATATCCCCTGTTCTTGTTATTGTGGCATTGCTGATTACTGTTGTACTAGTATTATCATCATGTTCATGTACTCACCATAGAACCAAAACATAGCCATAGAATAAAATGCTTATTTGATCCAATAATAATAAAATATAGCTGCATGCAGTTCAGTTCATTTCACT
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.1
    GTGCTCCTACTTGGGAAGTTGGGTGGGATTGGCGTCGTGTTCGTGTAGCTCCTCTTCTCCTCATTGCTGGCTTGGCCTTTGGCTATACCTTCCCTTCATCACCTCCTAGTATAAAGCAATTCAATTCCCAATCCCCCCGGCCCGAAGTGAAGGAAGCGGATCATGGAGCTCGCCATGGATTTTGCGCTCCGCCTCCGCGACGCCGCCAACCACCACCTCTCCCGCTACGAGCCTCTCGTGCTCCTCGCCGCGCCCCTCCTCGCCCTCCTCGCTGCCCGCACCCTCCACGCCGCCGCTGCCGCCGTCGCCGACCGCGGTCTCCGCACCGTCCTCCTCGCTCTAGCCATGACAGCCATCAAGTTGCTTCCGGGAGTTAGCGCCTACATCAACGCTGAGAAGAGGAAGGTCAGCAGCACACGCATCTGAGTTGTTGACCAGCTGCAGTCAGGTGGCACGTCCACAAAAAGTACTCTGCGGACCGAGTTGCCAACTGTTGGGCTTTCCAACCAAGTGATAAACGATCTCGAAACACTGAAAGCTAGAGATGTAAACTGGCAGGGAAAATGCTCTGGCACAGTTTATATTGCTGGGAGTGAATCCGAAGGTCATTTTGCATTGATAAACAAGGCTTACTCTATGTTTTCACACACCAACCCACTTCACCAGGACGTATTCAAGAGTGTGGCACAATTAGAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGCAATGACAGCTGCTTTGCTTGGCATCAAAGAAAAATCATCCGGTGGACAGATTTGTGGTAATATGACATCGGGCGGAACTGAAAGCATATTATTAGCAGTAAAAACATCACGCGACTATATGCGAACAAAGAAGGGCATTACAAAGCCTGAAATGATAATTGCCGAATCAGCACATTCTGCATACGATAAAGCTGCTCAATATTTCAATATTAAAGTGCGGCGTGTGCCAGTGAACAAAGAGTTTCTTGCAGATGTGAAAGGATTCAAAAGGTGTATAAACGGAAATACGATAATGATGGTGGGGTCTGCACCAGGATTTCCTCATGGTTTAATTGATCCTATTGAGGAACTTGGGGAGTTGGCTTCACGATATGACATTTGCTTGCATGTTGATCTCTGCCTTGGTGGATTTGTATTGCCTTTCGCTCGTAAGCTTGGGTACCCTATTCCTCCATTCGACTTCTGTGTCAAGGGAGTTACATCAATCTCAACTGATGTTCATAAGTATGGATTAGCCCCAAAAGGGACAAGCATTGTCCTATATAAAAATCATGAAATTAGAAAGCATCAATTTGTTGCTGTTACTGAATGGACTGGTGGGCTCTATGTTTCACCTACTATTGCTGGAAGTAGGCCTGGTGGGTTGATAGCGGGAGCTTGGGCTGCTATGACGTCTCTTGGACTGAACGGTTATATGGAAAATACAGGTCATATCATGGAAGTGTCGAAGAAAATACAAAGAGGGATTGAAGATATCCCAGGGTTGTTTGTGATTGGAAAGCCAGACATGACTGTCGTGGCATTTGGCTCAGATTCGGTTGATATATTTGAGGTGAACGACATAATGTCATCAAAAGGCTGGCACCTTAATGCTCTGCAGAGACCCAACAGTTTACACATTTGTGTGACACTGCAGCACACGGTCATATATGAGGAATTCCTGAAGGATCTGAAAGATTCAGTGGACACTGTAAAAGCAAATCCAGGGCCTATTAGCGGGGGGCGAGCTCCGATTTACGGAGCTGCTGGCAAGATGCCGGACAGAGGCATGGTCAGGGAGCTGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGACGCGTCTTGCTGAACATATAATATATCCCCTGTTCTTGTTATTGTGGCATTGCTGATTACTGTTGTACTAGTATTATCATCATGTTCATGTACTCACCATAGAACCAAAACATAGCCATAGAATAAAATGCTTATTTGATCCAATAATAATAAAATATAGCTGCATGCAGTTCAGTTCATTTCACT
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.3
    GTGCTCCTACTTGGGAAGTTGGGTGGGATTGGCGTCGTGTTCGTGTAGCTCCTCTTCTCCTCATTGCTGGCTTGGCCTTTGGCTATACCTTCCCTTCATCACCTCCTAGTATAAAGCAATTCAATTCCCAATCCCCCCGGCCCGAAGTGAAGGAAGCGGATCATGGAGCTCGCCATGGATTTTGCGCTCCGCCTCCGCGACGCCGCCAACCACCACCTCTCCCGCTACGAGCCTCTCGTGCTCCTCGCCGCGCCCCTCCTCGCCCTCCTCGCTGCCCGCACCCTCCACGCCGCCGCTGCCGCCGTCGCCGACCGCGGTCTCCGCACCGTCCTCCTCGCTCTAGCCATGACAGCCATCAAGTTGCTTCCGGGAGTTAGCGCCTACATCAACGCTGAGAAGAGGAAGGTCAGCAGCACACGCATCTGAGTTGTTGACCAGCTGCAGTCAGGTGGCACGTCCACAAAAAGTACTCTGCGGACCGAGTTGCCAACTGTTGGGCTTTCCAACCAAGTGATAAACGATCTCGAAACACTGAAAGCTAGAGATGTAAACTGGCAGGGAAAATGCTCTGGCACAGTTTATATTGCTGGGAGTGAATCCGAAGGTCATTTTGCATTGATAAACAAGGCTTACTCTATGTTTTCACACACCAACCCACTTCACCAGGACGTATTCAAGAGTGTGGCACAATTAGAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGCAATGACAGCTGCTTTGCTTGGCATCAAAGAAAAATCATCCGGTGGACAGATTTGTGGTAATATGACATCGGGCGGAACTGAAAGCATATTATTAGCAGTAAAAACATCACGCGACTATATGCGAACAAAGAAGGGCATTACAAAGCCTGAAATGATAATTGCCGAATCAGCACATTCTGCATACGATAAAGCTGCTCAATATTTCAATATTAAAGTGCGGCGTGTGCCAGTGAACAAAGAGTTTCTTGCAGATGTGAAAGGATTCAAAAGGTGTATAAACGGAAATACGATAATGATGGTGGGGTCTGCACCAGGATTTCCTCATGGTTTAATTGATCCTATTGAGGAACTTGGGGAGTTGGCTTCACGATATGACATTTGCTTGCATGTTGATCTCTGCCTTGGTGGATTTGTATTGCCTTTCGCTCGTAAGCTTGGGTACCCTATTCCTCCATTCGACTTCTGTGTCAAGGGAGTTACATCAATCTCAACTGATGTTCATAAGTATGGATTAGCCCCAAAAGGGACAAGCATTGTCCTATATAAAAATCATGAAATTAGAAAGCATCAATTTGTTGCTGTTACTGAATGGACTGGTGGGCTCTATGTTTCACCTACTATTGCTGGAAGTAGGCCTGGTGGGTTGATAGCGGGAGCTTGGGCTGCTATGACGTCTCTTGGACTGAACGGTTATATGGAAAATACAGGTCATATCATGGAAGTGTCGAAGAAAATACAAAGAGGGATTGAAGATATCCCAGGGTTGTTTGTGATTGGAAAGCCAGACATGACTGTCGTGGCATTTGGCTCAGATTCGGTTGATATATTTGAGGTGAACGACATAATGTCATCAAAAGGCTGGCACCTTAATGCTCTGCAGAGACCCAACAGTTTACACATTTGTGTGACACTGCAGCACACGGTCATATATGAGGAATTCCTGAAGGATCTGAAAGATTCAGTGGACACTGTAAAAGCAAATCCAGGGCCTATTAGCGGGGGGCGAGCTCCGATTTACGGAGCTGCTGGCAAGATGCCGGACAGAGGCATGGTCAGGGAGCTGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGACGCGTCTTGCTGAACATATAATATATCCCCTGTTCTTGTTATTGTGGCATTGCTGATTACTGTTGTACTAGTATTATCATCATGTTCATGTACTCACCATAGAACCAAAACATAGCCATAGAATAAAATGCTTATTTGATCCAATAATAATAAAATATAGCTGCATGCAGTTCAGTTCATTTCACT
CDS Sequence
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.2
    ATGTTTTCACACACCAACCCACTTCACCAGGACGTATTCAAGAGTGTGGCACAATTAGAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGCAATGACAGCTGCTTTGCTTGGCATCAAAGAAAAATCATCCGGTGGACAGATTTGTGGTAATATGACATCGGGCGGAACTGAAAGCATATTATTAGCAGTAAAAACATCACGCGACTATATGCGAACAAAGAAGGGCATTACAAAGCCTGAAATGATAATTGCCGAATCAGCACATTCTGCATACGATAAAGCTGCTCAATATTTCAATATTAAAGTGCGGCGTGTGCCAGTGAACAAAGAGTTTCTTGCAGATGTGAAAGGATTCAAAAGGTGTATAAACGGAAATACGATAATGATGGTGGGGTCTGCACCAGGATTTCCTCATGGTTTAATTGATCCTATTGAGGAACTTGGGGAGTTGGCTTCACGATATGACATTTGCTTGCATGTTGATCTCTGCCTTGGTGGATTTGTATTGCCTTTCGCTCGTAAGCTTGGGTACCCTATTCCTCCATTCGACTTCTGTGTCAAGGGAGTTACATCAATCTCAACTGATGTTCATAAGTATGGATTAGCCCCAAAAGGGACAAGCATTGTCCTATATAAAAATCATGAAATTAGAAAGCATCAATTTGTTGCTGTTACTGAATGGACTGGTGGGCTCTATGTTTCACCTACTATTGCTGGAAGTAGGCCTGGTGGGTTGATAGCGGGAGCTTGGGCTGCTATGACGTCTCTTGGACTGAACGGTTATATGGAAAATACAGGTCATATCATGGAAGTGTCGAAGAAAATACAAAGAGGGATTGAAGATATCCCAGGGTTGTTTGTGATTGGAAAGCCAGACATGACTGTCGTGGCATTTGGCTCAGATTCGGTTGATATATTTGAGGTGAACGACATAATGTCATCAAAAGGCTGGCACCTTAATGCTCTGCAGAGACCCAACAGTTTACACATTTGTGTGACACTGCAGCACACGGTCATATATGAGGAATTCCTGAAGGATCTGAAAGATTCAGTGGACACTGTAAAAGCAAATCCAGGGCCTATTAGCGGGGGGCGAGCTCCGATTTACGGAGCTGCTGGCAAGATGCCGGACAGAGGCATGGTCAGGGAGCTGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGACGCGTCTTGCTGA
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.1
    ATGTTTTCACACACCAACCCACTTCACCAGGACGTATTCAAGAGTGTGGCACAATTAGAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGCAATGACAGCTGCTTTGCTTGGCATCAAAGAAAAATCATCCGGTGGACAGATTTGTGGTAATATGACATCGGGCGGAACTGAAAGCATATTATTAGCAGTAAAAACATCACGCGACTATATGCGAACAAAGAAGGGCATTACAAAGCCTGAAATGATAATTGCCGAATCAGCACATTCTGCATACGATAAAGCTGCTCAATATTTCAATATTAAAGTGCGGCGTGTGCCAGTGAACAAAGAGTTTCTTGCAGATGTGAAAGGATTCAAAAGGTGTATAAACGGAAATACGATAATGATGGTGGGGTCTGCACCAGGATTTCCTCATGGTTTAATTGATCCTATTGAGGAACTTGGGGAGTTGGCTTCACGATATGACATTTGCTTGCATGTTGATCTCTGCCTTGGTGGATTTGTATTGCCTTTCGCTCGTAAGCTTGGGTACCCTATTCCTCCATTCGACTTCTGTGTCAAGGGAGTTACATCAATCTCAACTGATGTTCATAAGTATGGATTAGCCCCAAAAGGGACAAGCATTGTCCTATATAAAAATCATGAAATTAGAAAGCATCAATTTGTTGCTGTTACTGAATGGACTGGTGGGCTCTATGTTTCACCTACTATTGCTGGAAGTAGGCCTGGTGGGTTGATAGCGGGAGCTTGGGCTGCTATGACGTCTCTTGGACTGAACGGTTATATGGAAAATACAGGTCATATCATGGAAGTGTCGAAGAAAATACAAAGAGGGATTGAAGATATCCCAGGGTTGTTTGTGATTGGAAAGCCAGACATGACTGTCGTGGCATTTGGCTCAGATTCGGTTGATATATTTGAGGTGAACGACATAATGTCATCAAAAGGCTGGCACCTTAATGCTCTGCAGAGACCCAACAGTTTACACATTTGTGTGACACTGCAGCACACGGTCATATATGAGGAATTCCTGAAGGATCTGAAAGATTCAGTGGACACTGTAAAAGCAAATCCAGGGCCTATTAGCGGGGGGCGAGCTCCGATTTACGGAGCTGCTGGCAAGATGCCGGACAGAGGCATGGTCAGGGAGCTGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGACGCGTCTTGCTGA
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.3
    ATGTTTTCACACACCAACCCACTTCACCAGGACGTATTCAAGAGTGTGGCACAATTAGAGGCTGAAGTAGTTGCAATGACAGCTGCTTTGCTTGGCATCAAAGAAAAATCATCCGGTGGACAGATTTGTGGTAATATGACATCGGGCGGAACTGAAAGCATATTATTAGCAGTAAAAACATCACGCGACTATATGCGAACAAAGAAGGGCATTACAAAGCCTGAAATGATAATTGCCGAATCAGCACATTCTGCATACGATAAAGCTGCTCAATATTTCAATATTAAAGTGCGGCGTGTGCCAGTGAACAAAGAGTTTCTTGCAGATGTGAAAGGATTCAAAAGGTGTATAAACGGAAATACGATAATGATGGTGGGGTCTGCACCAGGATTTCCTCATGGTTTAATTGATCCTATTGAGGAACTTGGGGAGTTGGCTTCACGATATGACATTTGCTTGCATGTTGATCTCTGCCTTGGTGGATTTGTATTGCCTTTCGCTCGTAAGCTTGGGTACCCTATTCCTCCATTCGACTTCTGTGTCAAGGGAGTTACATCAATCTCAACTGATGTTCATAAGTATGGATTAGCCCCAAAAGGGACAAGCATTGTCCTATATAAAAATCATGAAATTAGAAAGCATCAATTTGTTGCTGTTACTGAATGGACTGGTGGGCTCTATGTTTCACCTACTATTGCTGGAAGTAGGCCTGGTGGGTTGATAGCGGGAGCTTGGGCTGCTATGACGTCTCTTGGACTGAACGGTTATATGGAAAATACAGGTCATATCATGGAAGTGTCGAAGAAAATACAAAGAGGGATTGAAGATATCCCAGGGTTGTTTGTGATTGGAAAGCCAGACATGACTGTCGTGGCATTTGGCTCAGATTCGGTTGATATATTTGAGGTGAACGACATAATGTCATCAAAAGGCTGGCACCTTAATGCTCTGCAGAGACCCAACAGTTTACACATTTGTGTGACACTGCAGCACACGGTCATATATGAGGAATTCCTGAAGGATCTGAAAGATTCAGTGGACACTGTAAAAGCAAATCCAGGGCCTATTAGCGGGGGGCGAGCTCCGATTTACGGAGCTGCTGGCAAGATGCCGGACAGAGGCATGGTCAGGGAGCTGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGACGCGTCTTGCTGA
Protein Sequence
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.2
    MFSHTNPLHQDVFKSVAQLEAEVVAMTAALLGIKEKSSGGQICGNMTSGGTESILLAVKTSRDYMRTKKGITKPEMIIAESAHSAYDKAAQYFNIKVRRVPVNKEFLADVKGFKRCINGNTIMMVGSAPGFPHGLIDPIEELGELASRYDICLHVDLCLGGFVLPFARKLGYPIPPFDFCVKGVTSISTDVHKYGLAPKGTSIVLYKNHEIRKHQFVAVTEWTGGLYVSPTIAGSRPGGLIAGAWAAMTSLGLNGYMENTGHIMEVSKKIQRGIEDIPGLFVIGKPDMTVVAFGSDSVDIFEVNDIMSSKGWHLNALQRPNSLHICVTLQHTVIYEEFLKDLKDSVDTVKANPGPISGGRAPIYGAAGKMPDRGMVRELLVEFMDASC*
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.1
    MFSHTNPLHQDVFKSVAQLEAEVVAMTAALLGIKEKSSGGQICGNMTSGGTESILLAVKTSRDYMRTKKGITKPEMIIAESAHSAYDKAAQYFNIKVRRVPVNKEFLADVKGFKRCINGNTIMMVGSAPGFPHGLIDPIEELGELASRYDICLHVDLCLGGFVLPFARKLGYPIPPFDFCVKGVTSISTDVHKYGLAPKGTSIVLYKNHEIRKHQFVAVTEWTGGLYVSPTIAGSRPGGLIAGAWAAMTSLGLNGYMENTGHIMEVSKKIQRGIEDIPGLFVIGKPDMTVVAFGSDSVDIFEVNDIMSSKGWHLNALQRPNSLHICVTLQHTVIYEEFLKDLKDSVDTVKANPGPISGGRAPIYGAAGKMPDRGMVRELLVEFMDASC*
  • >LOC_Os01g01080.3
    MFSHTNPLHQDVFKSVAQLEAEVVAMTAALLGIKEKSSGGQICGNMTSGGTESILLAVKTSRDYMRTKKGITKPEMIIAESAHSAYDKAAQYFNIKVRRVPVNKEFLADVKGFKRCINGNTIMMVGSAPGFPHGLIDPIEELGELASRYDICLHVDLCLGGFVLPFARKLGYPIPPFDFCVKGVTSISTDVHKYGLAPKGTSIVLYKNHEIRKHQFVAVTEWTGGLYVSPTIAGSRPGGLIAGAWAAMTSLGLNGYMENTGHIMEVSKKIQRGIEDIPGLFVIGKPDMTVVAFGSDSVDIFEVNDIMSSKGWHLNALQRPNSLHICVTLQHTVIYEEFLKDLKDSVDTVKANPGPISGGRAPIYGAAGKMPDRGMVRELLVEFMDASC*