Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT5G26570
• Gene Symbol: ATGWD3, OK1, PWD
• Gene Name: PHOSPHOGLUCAN WATER DIKINASE
• Description: chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3);(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession: locus:2151089
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT5G26570.1     AT5G26570.2

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000014  — rosette leaf — hoja en roseta (Spanish, exact), ロゼット葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009005  — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
• PO:0009047  — stem — caña (Spanish, exact), culm (exact), eje primario (Spanish, exact), primary axis (exact), primary stem (exact), tallo (Spanish, exact), tronco (Spanish, exact), 茎 (Japanese, exact), bole (narrow), cane (narrow), caudex (narrow), caudices (narrow), core (narrow), primocane (narrow), scape (narrow), stalk (narrow), trunk (narrow)
• PO:0009049  — inflorescence — inflorescencia (Spanish, exact), 花序 (Japanese, exact), Triticeae spike (narrow)
• PO:0000293  — guard cell — célula guardiana (Spanish, exact), occlusive cell (exact), 孔辺細胞 (Japanese, exact)

Gene Ontology:

• GO:0051752  — enables — phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity
• GO:0009507  — located in — chloroplast
• GO:0005982  — acts upstream of or within — starch metabolic process
• GO:0009570  — located in — chloroplast stroma
• GO:0046777  — acts upstream of or within — protein autophosphorylation
• GO:0005983  — acts upstream of or within — starch catabolic process
• GO:0102219  — enables — phosphogluco-amylopectin water dikinase activity
• GO:0102217  — enables — 6-phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity
• GO:0009536  — located in — plastid
• GO:0019200  — enables — carbohydrate kinase activity
• GO:2001070  — enables — starch binding

Germplasm Phenotype:

• SALK_110814  — Rosette leaves of Atgwd3 mutant plants have high starch content in young leaves (14 days old) and mature rosettes (assessed by iodine-staining). Starch was detected even after plants were subjected to 96h darkness. Compared to wildtype, the amount of starch present at the beginning of the day was threefold higher on the mutant. During the light period this difference decreases but at the end of the day there is still 15-20% more starch in Atgwd3 leaves. A two-fold decrease in C-3 positioned phospho-esters is observed in mutant starch compared to that of wildtype.

Function-related keywords:

• rosette leaf ,  root ,  stem ,  inflorescence ,  root ,  guard cell

Literature:

• Inactivation of the chloroplast ATP synthase gamma subunit results in high non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and altered nuclear gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1074/jbc.M308435200 ;  PMID:  14576160
• Microarray expression analyses of Arabidopsis guard cells and isolation of a recessive abscisic acid hypersensitive protein phosphatase 2C mutant.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.019000 ;  PMID:  14973164
• Diurnal changes in the transcriptome encoding enzymes of starch metabolism provide evidence for both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of starch metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.104.044347 ;  PMID:  15347792
• Identification of a novel enzyme required for starch metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves. The phosphoglucan, water dikinase.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.104.055954 ;  PMID:  15618411
• Loss of TIP1;1 aquaporin in Arabidopsis leads to cell and plant death.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02265.x ;  PMID:  15584951
• Leaf starch degradation comes out of the shadows.   DOI:  10.1016/j.tplants.2005.01.001 ;  PMID:  15749471
• Delayed embryo development in the ARABIDOPSIS TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 mutant is associated with altered cell wall structure, decreased cell division and starch accumulation.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02662.x ;  PMID:  16553896
• A chloroplast-localized dual-specificity protein phosphatase in Arabidopsis contains a phylogenetically dispersed and ancient carbohydrate-binding domain, which binds the polysaccharide starch.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02704.x ;  PMID:  16623901
• Novel starch-related enzymes and carbohydrates.   DOI:  NA ;  PMID:  17666166
• Genome-wide expression profiling Arabidopsis at the stage of Golovinomyces cichoracearum haustorium formation.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.107.111286 ;  PMID:  18218973
• The plant Apolipoprotein D ortholog protects Arabidopsis against oxidative stress.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-8-86 ;  PMID:  18671872
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• Articulation of three core metabolic processes in Arabidopsis: fatty acid biosynthesis, leucine catabolism and starch metabolism.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-8-76 ;  PMID:  18616834
• Transcriptional profiling of mature Arabidopsis trichomes reveals that NOECK encodes the MIXTA-like transcriptional regulator MYB106.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.126979 ;  PMID:  18805951
• Glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates crystalline maltodextrins and thereby initiates solubilization.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03513.x ;  PMID:  18419779
• Starch metabolism in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1199/tab.0160 ;  PMID:  23393426
• The analysis of the different functions of starch-phosphorylating enzymes during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants discloses an unexpected role for the cytosolic isoform GWD2.   DOI:  10.1111/ppl.12564 ;  PMID:  28303594
• EARLY STARVATION1 specifically affects the phosphorylation action of starch-related dikinases.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.13937 ;  PMID:  29681129
• Carbon pathways during transitory starch degradation in Arabidopsis differentially affect the starch granule number and morphology in the dpe2/phs1 mutant background.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.033 ;  PMID:  35378390
• LIKE EARLY STARVATION 1 alters the glucan structures at the starch granule surface and thereby influences the action of both starch-synthesizing and starch-degrading enzymes.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.15855 ;  PMID:  35665549
• The Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast proteome reveals pathway abundance and novel protein functions.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2004.02.039 ;  PMID:  15028209
• Sorting signals, N-terminal modifications and abundance of the chloroplast proteome.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0001994 ;  PMID:  18431481
• Quantitative proteomics of a chloroplast SRP54 sorting mutant and its genetic interactions with CLPC1 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.124545 ;  PMID:  18633119
• The oligomeric stromal proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts.   DOI:  10.1074/mcp.M500180-MCP200 ;  PMID:  16207701
• Analysis of protein complexes in Arabidopsis leaves using size exclusion chromatography and label-free protein correlation profiling.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.004 ;  PMID:  28627464
• Sorting signals, N-terminal modifications and abundance of the chloroplast proteome.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0001994 ;  PMID:  18431481

Sequences: