Gene Details:
- Gene ID: AT5G10140
- Gene Symbol: AGL25, FLC, FLF, RSB6
- Gene Name: AGAMOUS-like 25, FLOWERING LOCUS C, FLOWERING LOCUS F, REDUCED STEM BRANCHING 6
- Description: K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein;(source:Araport11)
- TAIR Accession: locus:2184118
- Genome: Araport11_genome_release
- Species: Arabidopsis thaliana
Transcripts:
Plant Ontology Annotations:
- PO:0009005 — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
- PO:0009013 — portion of meristem tissue — meristem (exact), meristema (Spanish, exact), meristematic tissue (exact), 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
- PO:0000025 — root tip — punta de la raíz (Spanish, exact), 根端 (Japanese, exact)
- PO:0000037 — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
- PO:0009010 — seed — semilla (Spanish, exact), 種子 (Japanese, exact), pyrene (narrow), diaspore (broad)
Gene Ontology:
- GO:2000028 — involved in — regulation of photoperiodism, flowering
- GO:0000976 — enables — transcription cis-regulatory region binding
- GO:0003700 — enables — DNA-binding transcription factor activity
- GO:0005634 — located in — nucleus
- GO:0045944 — involved in — positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- GO:0005515 — enables — protein binding
- GO:0000977 — enables — RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- GO:0010048 — acts upstream of or within — vernalization response
- GO:0000978 — enables — RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- GO:0006357 — involved in — regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- GO:0009910 — acts upstream of or within — negative regulation of flower development
- GO:0009910 — involved in — negative regulation of flower development
- GO:0000981 — enables — DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
- GO:0042752 — acts upstream of or within — regulation of circadian rhythm
- GO:0046983 — enables — protein dimerization activity
- GO:0009266 — acts upstream of or within — response to temperature stimulus
- GO:0032991 — part of — protein-containing complex
- GO:0009266 — involved in — response to temperature stimulus
Germplasm Phenotype:
- CS1122 — variation in flowering time, height = 40-45 cm.
- CS1123 — variation in flowering time, height = 40-45 cm.
- CS189 — not late flowering alone; when combined with FRI or ld, confers extreme late flowering and strong response to vernalization.
- CS2110009 — impaired in several environmental pathways and possesses severely reduced flowering responses to changes in photoperiod and ambient temperature
- CS22574 — After 12 wk vernalization FLC levels increased after 30 d growth post-cold.
- CS22574 — After 6 wk of cold, FLC levels were lower than those observed at 4 wk.
- CS22574 — After 6 wk vernalization, Lov-1 flowered earlier than Ull-2-5, suggesting that Lov-1 might be insensitive to short periods of cold but then respond quickly after that.
- CS22574 — FLC levels decreased during cold treatment but then increased significantly after the plants were returned to 23°C.
- CS22574 — Medium to large size of rosettes with numerous leaves, early leaves have leaf margins irregularly serrated, later leaves have leaf margins almost smooth, late flowering (vernalization at rosette stage may promote earlier flowering), dark-green plants with numerous aerial rosettes, height=56-66 cm.
- CS22574 — While FLC decreased in Lov-1 plants over a 4-wk cold period, flowering time was not accelerated.
- CS22579 — Accelerated flowering by 2 weeks vernalization. Flowering time variation between accessions was maximal after 4 wk vernalization.
- CS22579 — After 6 wk of cold, FLC levels were lower than those observed at 4 wk.
- CS22579 — FLC levels return to a moderately high level after 4 wk vernalization.
- CS22579 — Large rosettes with numerous oval-shape leaves, elongated petiols, asymmetric and contorted leaf surfaces, leaf margins smooth, late flowering (vernalization at rosette stage may promote earlier flowering), dark-green plants, height=50-60 cm.
- CS22581 — After 6 wk of cold, FLC levels were lower than those observed at 4 wk.
- CS22581 — Despite responding to 4 wk of cold, Var-2-6 and Ull-2-5 still flowered late after >6 wk of cold; i.e., the vernalization response was relatively slow.
- CS22581 — Large rosettes with numerous large leaves, leaves with rounded tips, leaf margins irregularly serrated, late flowering (vernalization at rosette stage may promote earlier flowering), dull greyish dark-green plants (slightly more pubescent than normal), height=45-55cm.
- CS22586 — After 4 wk vernalization, FLC levels had increased (by 30 d after transfer to 23°C) to the same level as nonvernalized plants.
- CS22586 — After 6 wk of cold, FLC levels were lower than those observed at 4 wk.
- CS22586 — Despite responding to 4 wk of cold, Var-2-6 and Ull-2-5 still flowered late after >6 wk of cold; i.e., the vernalization response was relatively slow.
- CS22586 — FLC levels decreased during cold treatment but then increased significantly after the plants were returned to 23°C.
- CS22586 — Flowered extremely late after 8 wk vernalization and required at least 14 wk of cold to fully saturate the vernalization requirement.
- CS22586 — Large rosettes with numerous leaves, leaf margins serrated, late flowering (vernalization at rosette stage may promote earlier flowering), dark -green plants, height= 42-48 cm.
- CS22586 — Plants did flower after 4 wk vernalization but considerably later than H51.
- CS22657 — Large rosettes with numerous leaves, elongated leaves with narrow appearance, leaf margins slightly serrated, late flowering (vernalization at rosette stage may promote earlier flowering), height = 40-50 cm.
- CS6688 — Accelerated flowering by 2 weeks vernalization. Flowering time variation between accessions was maximal after 4 wk vernalization.
- CS6688 — After 4 wk vernalization, the repression of FLC expression was maintained.
- CS6688 — After 6 wk of cold, FLC levels were lower than those observed at 4 wk.
- CS6688 — variation in flowering time, height = 40-45 cm.
- H51 — Accelerated flowering by 2 weeks vernalization. Flowering time variation between accessions was maximal after 4 wk vernalization.
- H51 — After 4 wk vernalization, the repression of FLC expression was maintained.
- H51 — After 6 wk of cold, FLC levels were lower than those observed at 4 wk.
- SALK_131491 — increased FLC mRNA, late flowering
- SALK_140021 — reduced FLC mRNA, early flowering
- agl19-1 flc-6 — The double mutant responded less to vernalization than either single mutant.
- agl20-101D FRI-Sf2 flc-3 — Extreme acceleration of flowering time.
- ath1-1 flc-7 — No additive effect on flowering time.
- flc-1 — Early flowering.
- flc-2 (FRI-Sf2) — Wild-type phenotype restored.
- flc-3 — early flowering in short days
- flc-3 agl24-2 — Late flowering in both long- and short-day growth conditions but retain a normal response to photoperiod compared to wild type.
- flc-4 (FRI-Sf2) — Wild-type phenotype restored.
- flc-5 (FRI-Sf2) — Wild-type phenotype restored.
- flc-8 — Early flowering.
- hlp1-1/flc-3 — Normal flowering response under long and short days. Loss of flc supresses the phenotype of hlp1-1
- ldl1-2/ldl2/flc-3 — Late flowering. Flowers later than flc3 single mutant but earlier than ldl1/ldl2 double mutant.
- p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 flc-8 — Flowering time same as flc-8 single mutant.
- suf4 flc-3 — Flowering time similar to that of the flc-3 single mutant in both LD and SD conditions.
Function-related keywords:
Literature:
- The AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 MADS domain protein integrates floral inductive pathways in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1101/gad.813600 ; PMID: 10995392
- Natural allelic variation identifies new genes in the Arabidopsis circadian system. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00577.x ; PMID: 10571866
- Interaction of FLC and late-flowering mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1007/BF02174346 ; PMID: 8628249
- Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5499.2105 ; PMID: 11118137
- The Arabidopsis HOS1 gene negatively regulates cold signal transduction and encodes a RING finger protein that displays cold-regulated nucleo–cytoplasmic partitioning. DOI: 10.1101/gad.866801 ; PMID: 11297514
- Loss of FLOWERING LOCUS C activity eliminates the late-flowering phenotype of FRIGIDA and autonomous pathway mutations but not responsiveness to vernalization. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.13.4.935 ; PMID: 11283346
- MADS-box gene evolution beyond flowers: expression in pollen, endosperm, guard cells, roots and trichomes. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00891.x ; PMID: 11115127
- Regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis by an FLC homologue. DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.1.122 ; PMID: 11351076
- Multiple roles of Arabidopsis VRN1 in vernalization and flowering time control. DOI: 10.1126/science.1072147 ; PMID: 12114624
- Antagonistic regulation of flowering-time gene SOC1 by CONSTANS and FLC via separate promoter motifs. DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf432 ; PMID: 12169635
- early in short days 4, a mutation in Arabidopsis that causes early flowering and reduces the mRNA abundance of the floral repressor FLC. DOI: 10.1242/dev.00113 ; PMID: 12403707
- A thermosensory pathway controlling flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1038/ng1085 ; PMID: 12548286
- Phytochrome control of flowering is temperature sensitive and correlates with expression of the floral integrator FT. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01674.x ; PMID: 12609029
- AGL24 acts as a promoter of flowering in Arabidopsis and is positively regulated by vernalization. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01671.x ; PMID: 12609028
- Identification of a MADS-box gene, FLOWERING LOCUS M, that represses flowering. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01024.x ; PMID: 11389763
- PIE1, an ISWI family gene, is required for FLC activation and floral repression in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.012161 ; PMID: 12837955
- Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: new openings to the MADS world. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.011544 ; PMID: 12837945
- The SOC1 MADS-box gene integrates vernalization and gibberellin signals for flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01833.x ; PMID: 12940954
- Dissection of floral induction pathways using global expression analysis. DOI: 10.1242/dev.00842 ; PMID: 14573523
- Genetic interactions between FLM and other flowering-time genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1023/a:1025426920923 ; PMID: 14558654
- The major clades of MADS-box genes and their role in the development and evolution of flowering plants. DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00207-0 ; PMID: 14615187
- The role of cryptochrome 2 in flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.029819 ; PMID: 14605222
- Regulation of flowering time by histone acetylation in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1126/science.1091109 ; PMID: 14593187
- FRIGIDA-related genes are required for the winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0306778101 ; PMID: 14973192
- A new Arabidopsis gene, FLK, encodes an RNA binding protein with K homology motifs and regulates flowering time via FLOWERING LOCUS C. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.019331 ; PMID: 14973162
- A genetic link between cold responses and flowering time through FVE in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1038/ng1298 ; PMID: 14745450
- Flowering of Arabidopsis cop1 mutants in darkness. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch047 ; PMID: 15111714
- EARLY FLOWERING 5 acts as a floral repressor in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02072.x ; PMID: 15125772
- A cluster of Arabidopsis genes with a coordinate response to an environmental stimulus. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.04.045 ; PMID: 15186749
- Regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis by K homology domain proteins. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404552101 ; PMID: 15310842
- Nitric oxide represses the Arabidopsis floral transition. DOI: 10.1126/science.1098837 ; PMID: 15448272
- Divergent roles of a pair of homologous jumonji/zinc-finger-class transcription factor proteins in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering time. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.025353 ; PMID: 15377760
- Lesions in the mRNA cap-binding gene ABA HYPERSENSITIVE 1 suppress FRIGIDA-mediated delayed flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02194.x ; PMID: 15361145
- A mechanism related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Paf1c is required for expression of the Arabidopsis FLC/MAF MADS box gene family. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.026062 ; PMID: 15472079
- PAF1-complex-mediated histone methylation of FLOWERING LOCUS C chromatin is required for the vernalization-responsive, winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1244504 ; PMID: 15520273
- Integration of flowering signals in winter-annual Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.052811 ; PMID: 15618421
- Quantitative trait locus mapping and DNA array hybridization identify an FLM deletion as a cause for natural flowering-time variation. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409474102 ; PMID: 15695584
- HUA2 is required for the expression of floral repressors in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02300.x ; PMID: 15659097
- Analysis of flowering pathway integrators in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci024 ; PMID: 15695467
- Differential regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C expression by vernalization in cabbage and Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.058974 ; PMID: 15734903
- FLC, a repressor of flowering, is regulated by genes in different inductive pathways. DOI: 10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01210.x ; PMID: 11851919
- Establishment of the vernalization-responsive, winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis requires a putative histone H3 methyl transferase. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.034645 ; PMID: 16258034
- Prevention of early flowering by expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C requires methylation of histone H3 K36. DOI: 10.1038/ncb1329 ; PMID: 16299497
- FRIGIDA-ESSENTIAL 1 interacts genetically with FRIGIDA and FRIGIDA-LIKE 1 to promote the winter-annual habit of Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1242/dev.02170 ; PMID: 16291783
- Regulation of flowering time by Arabidopsis MSI1. DOI: 10.1242/dev.02340 ; PMID: 16554362
- LHP1, the Arabidopsis homologue of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, is required for epigenetic silencing of FLC. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507427103 ; PMID: 16549797
- Quantitative effects of vernalization on FLC and SOC1 expression. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02652.x ; PMID: 16507079
- The Arabidopsis FLC protein interacts directly in vivo with SOC1 and FT chromatin and is part of a high-molecular-weight protein complex. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02686.x ; PMID: 16623882
- The transcription factor FLC confers a flowering response to vernalization by repressing meristem competence and systemic signaling in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1101/gad.373506 ; PMID: 16600915
- MGOUN3: evidence for chromatin-mediated regulation of FLC expression. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj169 ; PMID: 16728410
- The Arabidopsis thaliana vernalization response requires a polycomb-like protein complex that also includes VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606385103 ; PMID: 16983073
- FRIGIDA LIKE 2 is a functional allele in Landsberg erecta and compensates for a nonsense allele of FRIGIDA LIKE 1. DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.085571 ; PMID: 17056759
- SEF, a new protein required for flowering repression in Arabidopsis, interacts with PIE1 and ARP6. DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.092270 ; PMID: 17142478
- SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA4, encoding a C2H2-Type zinc finger protein, represses flowering by transcriptional activation of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.045179 ; PMID: 17138694
- A PHD finger protein involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1493306 ; PMID: 17114575
- SUPPRESSOR OF FRI 4 encodes a nuclear-localized protein that is required for delayed flowering in winter-annual Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1242/dev.02684 ; PMID: 17079264
- The PHD finger protein VRN5 functions in the epigenetic silencing of Arabidopsis FLC. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.052 ; PMID: 17174094
- Role of plant CBP/p300-like genes in the regulation of flowering time. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02939.x ; PMID: 17144897
- Repression of flowering in Arabidopsis requires activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C expression by the histone variant H2A.Z. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.048447 ; PMID: 17220196
- Small RNA-mediated chromatin silencing directed to the 3' region of the Arabidopsis gene encoding the developmental regulator, FLC. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611459104 ; PMID: 17360694
- The Arabidopsis thaliana AT PRP39-1 gene, encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat protein with similarity to the yeast pre-mRNA processing protein PRP39, affects flowering time. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0336-5 ; PMID: 17380304
- Potent induction of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering by elevated growth temperature. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020106 ; PMID: 16839183
- Arabidopsis homologs of components of the SWR1 complex regulate flowering and plant development. DOI: 10.1242/dev.001891 ; PMID: 17470967
- Involvement of the histone acetyltransferase AtHAC1 in the regulation of flowering time via repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.095521 ; PMID: 17416640
- The nuclear pore protein AtTPR is required for RNA homeostasis, flowering time, and auxin signaling. DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.100735 ; PMID: 17535820
- mRNA metabolism of flowering-time regulators in wild-type Arabidopsis revealed by a nuclear cap binding protein mutant, abh1. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03110.x ; PMID: 17488241
- Differential expression of genes important for adaptation in Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae). DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.102632 ; PMID: 17631524
- Epigenetic regulation of flowering. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.06.009 ; PMID: 17709278
- Does sequence polymorphism of FLC paralogues underlie flowering time QTL in Brassica oleracea? DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0657-3 ; PMID: 17938878
- Arabidopsis relatives of the human lysine-specific Demethylase1 repress the expression of FWA and FLOWERING LOCUS C and thus promote the floral transition. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.052373 ; PMID: 17921315
- Regulation of flowering time by the protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT10. DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7401111 ; PMID: 18007657
- Vernalization-induced trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 at FLC is not maintained in mitotically quiescent cells. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.026 ; PMID: 17980595
- The FLX gene of Arabidopsis is required for FRI-dependent activation of FLC expression. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm176 ; PMID: 18156133
- HDA6 is required for jasmonate response, senescence and flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm300 ; PMID: 18212027
- Histone arginine methylation is required for vernalization-induced epigenetic silencing of FLC in winter-annual Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710423104 ; PMID: 18178621
- Arabidopsis TFL2/LHP1 specifically associates with genes marked by trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030086 ; PMID: 17542647
- Functional redundancy and new roles for genes of the autonomous floral-promotion pathway. DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.118927 ; PMID: 18408043
- ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1 dynamically regulates FLOWERING LOCUS C activation via histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.058172 ; PMID: 18375656
- The small glycine-rich RNA binding protein AtGRP7 promotes floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03591.x ; PMID: 18573194
- Dynamic and stable histone H3 methylation patterns at the Arabidopsis FLC and AP1 loci. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.06.022 ; PMID: 18638531
- mRNA cap binding proteins: effects on abscisic acid signal transduction, mRNA processing, and microarray analyses. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76776-3_8 ; PMID: 18630751
- Functional conservation and divergence of FVE genes that control flowering time and cold response in rice and Arabidopsis. DOI: S1016-8478(23)14010-6 ; PMID: 18612241
- A repressor complex governs the integration of flowering signals in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.05.002 ; PMID: 18606145
- The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, AtUBC1 and AtUBC2, play redundant roles and are involved in activation of FLC expression and repression of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03684.x ; PMID: 18798874
- Acceleration of flowering during shade avoidance in Arabidopsis alters the balance between FLOWERING LOCUS C-mediated repression and photoperiodic induction of flowering. DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.125468 ; PMID: 18790998
- Genic and global functions for Paf1C in chromatin modification and gene expression in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000077 ; PMID: 18725930
- Flowering time regulation produces much fruit. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.09.005 ; PMID: 18938104
- Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T by the Arabidopsis Polycomb repressive complex 2 components. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003404 ; PMID: 18852898
- Histone H2B monoubiquitination in the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.062760 ; PMID: 18849490
- Circadian clock proteins LHY and CCA1 regulate SVP protein accumulation to control flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.061531 ; PMID: 19011118
- Repression of the floral transition via histone H2B monoubiquitination. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03709.x ; PMID: 18980658
- Resetting and regulation of Flowering Locus C expression during Arabidopsis reproductive development. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03776.x ; PMID: 19121105
- GASA5, a regulator of flowering time and stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9452-7 ; PMID: 19190987
- The molecular biology of seasonal flowering-responses in Arabidopsis and the cereals. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp063 ; PMID: 19304997
- The RNA binding protein ELF9 directly reduces SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 transcript levels in arabidopsis, possibly via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.064774 ; PMID: 19376936
- AtMBD8 is involved in control of flowering time in the C24 ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01218.x ; PMID: 19374717
- FRIGIDA delays flowering in Arabidopsis via a cotranscriptional mechanism involving direct interaction with the nuclear cap-binding complex. DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.137448 ; PMID: 19429606
- SHB1 plays dual roles in photoperiodic and autonomous flowering. DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.04.023 ; PMID: 19406114
- Expression of MADS-box genes during the embryonic phase in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-4546-3 ; PMID: 16028119
- Regulated RNA processing in the control of Arabidopsis flowering. DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.051995vq ; PMID: 16096981
- Conservation and divergence of FCA function between Arabidopsis and rice. DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-8105-8 ; PMID: 16240176
- Possible role of early flowering 3 (ELF3) in clock-dependent floral regulation by short vegetative phase (SVP) in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02809.x ; PMID: 19383102
- The paralogous genes RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 and SIMILAR TO RCD ONE1 have partially redundant functions during Arabidopsis development. DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.142786 ; PMID: 19625634
- Major flowering time gene, flowering locus C, regulates seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901367106 ; PMID: 19564609
- Interaction between the light quality and flowering time pathways in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03962.x ; PMID: 19563438
- Epigenetic regulation of gene programs by EMF1 and EMF2 in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.143495 ; PMID: 19783648
- A single amino acid change in the enhancer of zeste ortholog CURLY LEAF results in vernalization-independent, rapid flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.145581 ; PMID: 19755537
- SET DOMAIN GROUP25 encodes a histone methyltransferase and is involved in FLOWERING LOCUS C activation and repression of flowering. DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.143941 ; PMID: 19726574
- ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED7 is required for methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 and for transcriptional activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.070060 ; PMID: 19855050
- Crosstalk between cold response and flowering in Arabidopsis is mediated through the flowering-time gene SOC1 and its upstream negative regulator FLC. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063883 ; PMID: 19825833
- Control of the transition to flowering by chromatin modifications. DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp005 ; PMID: 19825638
- Evolutionarily conserved regulatory motifs in the promoter of the Arabidopsis clock gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.069898 ; PMID: 19789276
- The evolution of Brassica napus FLOWERING LOCUS T paralogues in the context of inverted chromosomal duplication blocks. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-271 ; PMID: 19939256
- Targeted 3' processing of antisense transcripts triggers Arabidopsis FLC chromatin silencing. DOI: 10.1126/science.1180278 ; PMID: 19965720
- The transcript elongation factor FACT affects Arabidopsis vegetative and reproductive development and genetically interacts with HUB1/2. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04096.x ; PMID: 19947984
- Heterologous expression of wheat VERNALIZATION 2 (TaVRN2) gene in Arabidopsis delays flowering and enhances freezing tolerance. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008690 ; PMID: 20084169
- Growth habit determination by the balance of histone methylation activities in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.198 ; PMID: 20711170
- Repression of flowering by the miR172 target SMZ. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000148 ; PMID: 19582143
- The spen family protein FPA controls alternative cleavage and polyadenylation of RNA. DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.12.009 ; PMID: 20079695
- Conservation and divergence of autonomous pathway genes in the flowering regulatory network of Beta vulgaris. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq321 ; PMID: 20974738
- Arginine methylation mediated by the Arabidopsis homolog of PRMT5 is essential for proper pre-mRNA splicing. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009669107 ; PMID: 20956294
- The role of the Arabidopsis morning loop components CCA1, LHY, PRR7, and PRR9 in temperature compensation. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.079087 ; PMID: 21098730
- Mechanisms underlying vernalization-mediated VIN3 induction in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.11.13465 ; PMID: 21051939
- AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 is a floral promoter that negatively regulates the FLC/MAF clade genes and positively regulates FT in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04402.x ; PMID: 21175890
- Vernalization-mediated epigenetic silencing by a long intronic noncoding RNA. DOI: 10.1126/science.1197349 ; PMID: 21127216
- Arabidopsis floral initiator SKB1 confers high salt tolerance by regulating transcription and pre-mRNA splicing through altering histone H4R3 and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein LSM4 methylation. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.081356 ; PMID: 21258002
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- MSI4/FVE interacts with CUL4-DDB1 and a PRC2-like complex to control epigenetic regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018242108 ; PMID: 21282611
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- The CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferases function as plant-specific MEDIATOR subunits in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13052 ; PMID: 33325122
- Genetic and Epigenetic Understanding of the Seasonal Timing of Flowering. DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100008 ; PMID: 33404547
- Potential transceptor AtNRT1.13 modulates shoot architecture and flowering time in a nitrate-dependent manner. DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab051 ; PMID: 33580260
- Arabidopsis ACINUS is O-glycosylated and regulates transcription and alternative splicing of regulators of reproductive transitions. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20929-7 ; PMID: 33574257
- Heat shock protein 101 (HSP101) promotes flowering under nonstress conditions. DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab052 ; PMID: 33561259
- Accession-specific flowering time variation in response to nitrate fluctuation in Arabidopsis thalian a. DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.05.004 ; PMID: 33778228
- The ATXN2 Orthologs CID3 and CID4, Act Redundantly to In-Fluence Developmental Pathways throughout the Life Cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063068 ; PMID: 33802796
- A domesticated Harbinger transposase forms a complex with HDA6 and promotes histone H3 deacetylation at genes but not TEs in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13108 ; PMID: 33960113
- Exploring PIF4 's contribution to early flowering in plants under daily variable temperature and its tissue-specific flowering gene network. DOI: 10.1002/pld3.339 ; PMID: 34355114
- Characterization of genes associated with TGA7 during the floral transition. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03144-w ; PMID: 34380420
- GRUSP, an Universal Stress Protein, Is Involved in Gibberellin-dependent Induction of Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1134/S1607672921040062 ; PMID: 34426918
- The histone variant H3.3 promotes the active chromatin state to repress flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab224 ; PMID: 34618105
- A mutation in the pPLA-IIα gene encoding PATATIN-RELATED PHOSPHOLIPASE a causes late flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.031 ; PMID: 34678591
- The BORDER family of negative transcription elongation factors regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.074 ; PMID: 34666004
- The U1 snRNP component RBP45d regulates temperature-responsive flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab273 ; PMID: 34791475
- Flowering Times of Wild Arabidopsis Accessions From Across Norway Correlate With Expression Levels of FT, CO, and FLC Genes. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747740 ; PMID: 34790213
- Antagonistic cotranscriptional regulation through ARGONAUTE1 and the THO/TREX complex orchestrates FLC transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113757118 ; PMID: 34789567
- A Molecular switch for FLOWERING LOCUS C activation determines flowering time in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab286 ; PMID: 34850922
- The RNA-binding protein RBP45D of Arabidopsis promotes transgene silencing and flowering time. DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15637 ; PMID: 34919766
- CPL2 and CPL3 act redundantly in FLC activation and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2026614 ; PMID: 35112651
- Embryonic reactivation of FLOWERING LOCUS C by ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 establishes the vernalization requirement in each Arabidopsis generation. DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac077 ; PMID: 35234936
- Polymerase II-Associated Factor 1 Complex-Regulated FLOWERING LOCUS C-Clade Genes Repress Flowering in Response to Chilling. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817356 ; PMID: 35222476
- MicroRNA miR394 regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02863-0 ; PMID: 35333960
- Nitrilases NIT1/2/3 Positively Regulate Flowering by Inhibiting MAF4 Expression in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889460 ; PMID: 35665187
- Phase separation of HRLP regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5488 ; PMID: 35731874
- Characterization of an autonomous pathway complex that promotes flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac551 ; PMID: 35766439
- Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation? DOI: 10.3390/plants11182348 ; PMID: 36145748
- VAL1 acts as an assembly platform co-ordinating co-transcriptional repression and chromatin regulation at Arabidopsis FLC. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32897-7 ; PMID: 36130923
- FIONA1-mediated methylation of the 3'UTR of FLC affects FLC transcript levels and flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010386 ; PMID: 36166469
- PBS3: a versatile player in and beyond salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1111/nph.18558 ; PMID: 36263689
- PRMT6 physically associates with nuclear factor Y to regulate photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00065-y ; PMID: 36304422
- Early flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis altered meristem program1 mutant is dependent on the FLOWERING LOCUS T-mediated pathway. DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0515a ; PMID: 36349233
- Arabidopsis N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase FIONA1 regulates floral transition by affecting the splicing of FLC and the stability of floral activators SPL3 and SEP3. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac461 ; PMID: 36416766
- ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3/EIN3-LIKE1 modulate FLOWERING LOCUS C expression via histone demethylase interaction. DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad131 ; PMID: 36852894
- Arabidopsis SRPKII family proteins regulate flowering via phosphorylation of SR proteins and effects on gene expression and alternative splicing. DOI: 10.1111/nph.18895 ; PMID: 36942955
- Genome-wide association study identifies a novel BMI1A QTL allele that confers FLC expression diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad120 ; PMID: 36995968
- The Arabidopsis Deubiquitylase OTU5 Suppresses Flowering by Histone Modification-Mediated Activation of the Major Flowering Repressors FLC, MAF4, and MAF5. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076176 ; PMID: 37047144
- Two Arabidopsis Splicing Factors, U2AF65a and U2AF65b, Differentially Control Flowering Time by Modulating the Expression or Alternative Splicing of a Subset of FLC Upstream Regulators. DOI: 10.3390/plants12081655 ; PMID: 37111878
- The P-body component DECAPPING5 and the floral repressor SISTER OF FCA regulate FLOWERING LOCUS C transcription in Arabidopsis. DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad151 ; PMID: 37220754
- Regulation of FLC nuclear import by coordinated action of the NUP62-subcomplex and importin β SAD2. DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13540 ; PMID: 37278318
- Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes. DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5499.2105 ; PMID: 11118137
Sequences:
cDNA Sequence
- >AT5G10140.1
CGAGAAAAGGAAAAAAAAAAATAGAAAGAGAAAACGCTTAGTATCTCCGGCGACTTGAACCCAAACCTGAGGATCAAATTAGGGCACAAAGCCCTCTCGGAGAGAAGCCATGGGAAGAAAAAAACTAGAAATCAAGCGAATTGAGAACAAAAGTAGCCGACAAGTCACCTTCTCCAAACGTCGCAACGGTCTCATCGAGAAAGCTCGTCAGCTTTCTGTTCTCTGTGACGCATCCGTCGCTCTTCTCGTCGTCTCCGCCTCCGGCAAGCTCTACAGCTTCTCCTCCGGCGATAACCTGGTCAAGATCCTTGATCGATATGGGAAACAGCATGCTGATGATCTTAAAGCCTTGGATCATCAGTCAAAAGCTCTGAACTATGGTTCACACTATGAGCTACTTGAACTTGTGGATAGCAAGCTTGTGGGATCAAATGTCAAAAATGTGAGTATCGATGCTCTTGTTCAACTGGAGGAACACCTTGAGACTGCCCTCTCCGTGACTAGAGCCAAGAAGACCGAACTCATGTTGAAGCTTGTTGAGAATCTTAAAGAAAAGGAGAAAATGCTGAAAGAAGAGAACCAGGTTTTGGCTAGCCAGATGGAGAATAATCATCATGTGGGAGCAGAAGCTGAGATGGAGATGTCACCTGCTGGACAAATCTCCGACAATCTTCCGGTGACTCTCCCACTACTTAATTAGCCACCTTAAATCGGCGGTTGAAATCAAAATCCAAAACATATATAATTATGAAGAAAAAAAAAATAAGATATGTAATTATTCCGCTGATAAGGGCGAGCGTTTGTATATCTTAATACTCTCTCTTTGGCCAAGAGACTTTGTGTGTGATACTTAAGTAGACGGAACTAAGTCAATACTATCTGTTTTAAGACAAAAGGTTGATGAACTTTGTACCTTATTCGTGTGAGAATTGCATCGAGATCTTGAGTGTATGTGTTCTTCACTTCTGTCAAAAACTTGTGTTTGCTTCACAGTGAAGAAGCCTACGGCTTATTTTGCAACAGGGACGTGGCTCTCTCTCTC - >AT5G10140.2
CGAGAAAAGGAAAAAAAAAAATAGAAAGAGAAAACGCTTAGTATCTCCGGCGACTTGAACCCAAACCTGAGGATCAAATTAGGGCACAAAGCCCTCTCGGAGAGAAGCCATGGGAAGAAAAAAACTAGAAATCAAGCGAATTGAGAACAAAAGTAGCCGACAAGTCACCTTCTCCAAACGTCGCAACGGTCTCATCGAGAAAGCTCGTCAGCTTTCTGTTCTCTGTGACGCATCCGTCGCTCTTCTCGTCGTCTCCGCCTCCGGCAAGCTCTACAGCTTCTCCTCCGGCGATAACCTGGTCAAGATCCTTGATCGATATGGGAAACAGCATGCTGATGATCTTAAAGCCTTGGATCATCAGTCAAAAGCTCTGAACTATGGTTCACACTATGAGCTACTTGAACTTGTGGATAGCAAGCTTGTGGGATCAAATGTCAAAAATGTGAGTATCGATGCTCTTGTTCAACTGGAGGAACACCTTGAGACTGCCCTCTCCGTGACTAGAGCCAAGAAGACCGAACTCATGTTGAAGCTTGTTGAGAATCTTAAAGAAAAGGAGAAAATGCTGAAAGAAGAGAACCAGGTTTTGGCTAGCCAGATGGAGAATAATCATCATGTGGGAGCAGAAGCTGAGATGGAGATGTCACCTGCTGGACAAATCTCCGACAATCTTCCGGTGACTCTCCCACTACTTAATTAGCCACCTTAAATCGGCGGTTGAAATCAAAATCCAAAACATATATAATTATGAAGAAAAAAAAAATAAGATATGTAATTATTCCGCTGATAAGGGCGAGCGTTTGTATATCTTAATACTCTCTCTTTGGCCAAGAGACTTTGTGTGTGATACTTAAGTAGACGGAACTAAGTCAATACTATCTGTTTTAAGACAAAAGGTTGATGAACTTTGTACCTTATTCGTGTGAGAATTGCATCGAGATCTTGAGTGTATGTGTTCTTCACTTCTGTCAAAAACTTGTGTTTGCTTCACAGTGAAGAAGCCTACGGCTTATTTTGCAACAGGGACGTGGCTCTCTCTCTC - >AT5G10140.4
CGAGAAAAGGAAAAAAAAAAATAGAAAGAGAAAACGCTTAGTATCTCCGGCGACTTGAACCCAAACCTGAGGATCAAATTAGGGCACAAAGCCCTCTCGGAGAGAAGCCATGGGAAGAAAAAAACTAGAAATCAAGCGAATTGAGAACAAAAGTAGCCGACAAGTCACCTTCTCCAAACGTCGCAACGGTCTCATCGAGAAAGCTCGTCAGCTTTCTGTTCTCTGTGACGCATCCGTCGCTCTTCTCGTCGTCTCCGCCTCCGGCAAGCTCTACAGCTTCTCCTCCGGCGATAACCTGGTCAAGATCCTTGATCGATATGGGAAACAGCATGCTGATGATCTTAAAGCCTTGGATCATCAGTCAAAAGCTCTGAACTATGGTTCACACTATGAGCTACTTGAACTTGTGGATAGCAAGCTTGTGGGATCAAATGTCAAAAATGTGAGTATCGATGCTCTTGTTCAACTGGAGGAACACCTTGAGACTGCCCTCTCCGTGACTAGAGCCAAGAAGACCGAACTCATGTTGAAGCTTGTTGAGAATCTTAAAGAAAAGGAGAAAATGCTGAAAGAAGAGAACCAGGTTTTGGCTAGCCAGATGGAGAATAATCATCATGTGGGAGCAGAAGCTGAGATGGAGATGTCACCTGCTGGACAAATCTCCGACAATCTTCCGGTGACTCTCCCACTACTTAATTAGCCACCTTAAATCGGCGGTTGAAATCAAAATCCAAAACATATATAATTATGAAGAAAAAAAAAATAAGATATGTAATTATTCCGCTGATAAGGGCGAGCGTTTGTATATCTTAATACTCTCTCTTTGGCCAAGAGACTTTGTGTGTGATACTTAAGTAGACGGAACTAAGTCAATACTATCTGTTTTAAGACAAAAGGTTGATGAACTTTGTACCTTATTCGTGTGAGAATTGCATCGAGATCTTGAGTGTATGTGTTCTTCACTTCTGTCAAAAACTTGTGTTTGCTTCACAGTGAAGAAGCCTACGGCTTATTTTGCAACAGGGACGTGGCTCTCTCTCTC - >AT5G10140.3
CGAGAAAAGGAAAAAAAAAAATAGAAAGAGAAAACGCTTAGTATCTCCGGCGACTTGAACCCAAACCTGAGGATCAAATTAGGGCACAAAGCCCTCTCGGAGAGAAGCCATGGGAAGAAAAAAACTAGAAATCAAGCGAATTGAGAACAAAAGTAGCCGACAAGTCACCTTCTCCAAACGTCGCAACGGTCTCATCGAGAAAGCTCGTCAGCTTTCTGTTCTCTGTGACGCATCCGTCGCTCTTCTCGTCGTCTCCGCCTCCGGCAAGCTCTACAGCTTCTCCTCCGGCGATAACCTGGTCAAGATCCTTGATCGATATGGGAAACAGCATGCTGATGATCTTAAAGCCTTGGATCATCAGTCAAAAGCTCTGAACTATGGTTCACACTATGAGCTACTTGAACTTGTGGATAGCAAGCTTGTGGGATCAAATGTCAAAAATGTGAGTATCGATGCTCTTGTTCAACTGGAGGAACACCTTGAGACTGCCCTCTCCGTGACTAGAGCCAAGAAGACCGAACTCATGTTGAAGCTTGTTGAGAATCTTAAAGAAAAGGAGAAAATGCTGAAAGAAGAGAACCAGGTTTTGGCTAGCCAGATGGAGAATAATCATCATGTGGGAGCAGAAGCTGAGATGGAGATGTCACCTGCTGGACAAATCTCCGACAATCTTCCGGTGACTCTCCCACTACTTAATTAGCCACCTTAAATCGGCGGTTGAAATCAAAATCCAAAACATATATAATTATGAAGAAAAAAAAAATAAGATATGTAATTATTCCGCTGATAAGGGCGAGCGTTTGTATATCTTAATACTCTCTCTTTGGCCAAGAGACTTTGTGTGTGATACTTAAGTAGACGGAACTAAGTCAATACTATCTGTTTTAAGACAAAAGGTTGATGAACTTTGTACCTTATTCGTGTGAGAATTGCATCGAGATCTTGAGTGTATGTGTTCTTCACTTCTGTCAAAAACTTGTGTTTGCTTCACAGTGAAGAAGCCTACGGCTTATTTTGCAACAGGGACGTGGCTCTCTCTCTC
CDS Sequence
Protein Sequence