Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT4G29040
• Gene Symbol: RPT2a
• Gene Name: regulatory particle AAA-ATPase 2A
• Description: regulatory particle AAA-ATPase 2A;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession:
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT4G29040.1

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000025  — root tip — punta de la raíz (Spanish, exact), 根端 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000056  — flower bud — floral bud (exact), yema floral (Spanish, exact), 花芽 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000059  — root initial cell — célula inicial de la raíz (Spanish, exact), root initial (exact), 根始原細胞 (Japanese, exact), root stem cell (related)
• PO:0009005  — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009047  — stem — caña (Spanish, exact), culm (exact), eje primario (Spanish, exact), primary axis (exact), primary stem (exact), tallo (Spanish, exact), tronco (Spanish, exact), 茎 (Japanese, exact), bole (narrow), cane (narrow), caudex (narrow), caudices (narrow), core (narrow), primocane (narrow), scape (narrow), stalk (narrow), trunk (narrow)
• PO:0009108  — inflorescence apical meristem — meristema apical de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact), 花序頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020148  — shoot apical meristem — SAM (exact), meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact), primary shoot meristem (related), promeristem (broad)
• PO:0020149  — quiescent center — centro de division de células del meristema (Spanish, exact), 静止中心 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0006085  — root meristem — meristema de la raíz (Spanish, exact), 根分裂組織 (Japanese, exact), meristematic zone (related)
• PO:0025279  — megagametophyte — female gametophyte (exact), megagametofito (Spanish, exact), 大配偶体 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0025280  — microgametophyte — male gametophyte (exact), microgametofito (Spanish, exact), 小配偶体 (Japanese, exact)

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS71575  — Large plants with narrow leaves and mildly serrated leaf margins. Hyposensitivity to proteasome inhibitor MG132.
• CS71576  — Very small plants with narrow leaves, severely serrated leaf margins, and abaxial leaf spurs. Abaxialized flowers lacking obvious sepals, petals, or stamens. Occasionally fasciated infloresence meristems. Hyposensitivity to proteasome inhibitor MG132.
• hlr-1  — The hlr-1 (halted root-1) mutant has defective cell organization in the post-embryonic root and shoot apical meristems. Quiescent center cell identity in the root is lost after germination and expression of the organizing center marker WUSCHEL in the shoot is disrupted. However, cells in differentiated tissues maintain their normal identities. hlr-1 mutants have shorter roots, aberrant lateral root primordia positioning, abnormal leaf shape and phyllotaxy, and irregular shoot structure.
• hlr-2  — The hlr-2 mutant is reported to share the same morphological characteristics with the hlr-1 mutant, but to have a slightly milder phenotype. hlr-1 has defects in root and shoot apical meristem organization, and root and shoot development.
• hlr-2  — The rpt2a-2 mutant has modest defects in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis via the 26S proteasome, rendering it somewhat more sensitive to misfolded proteins that are degraded in a 26S-proteasome / Ub-dependent manner. However, it also has modestly increased levels of the 20S core particle of the proteasome, and exhibits some reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress, presumably since oxidatively damaged proteins can be degraded in a 20S proteasome-dependent, but 26S proteasome /Ub-independent manner. The mutant has shorter roots than WT plants.

Function-related keywords:

• root tip ,  flower bud ,  root initial cell ,  root ,  vascular leaf ,  stem ,  inflorescence apical meristem ,  shoot apical meristem ,  quiescent center ,  shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen ,  root meristem ,  megagametophyte ,  microgametophyte

Literature:

• Structural and functional analysis of the six regulatory particle triple-A ATPase subunits from the Arabidopsis 26S proteasome.   DOI:  10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00479.x ;  PMID:  10417703
• Structure and functional analysis of the 26S proteasome subunits from plants.   DOI:  10.1023/a:1006926322501 ;  PMID:  10363660
• Subunit interaction maps for the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome and the COP9 signalosome.   DOI:  10.1093/emboj/20.24.7096 ;  PMID:  11742986
• A subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle required for ubiquitin-conjugate degradation and related to the COP9-signalosome and eIF3.   DOI:  10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81603-7 ;  PMID:  9741626
• Unexpected protein families including cell defense components feature in the N-myristoylome of a higher eukaryote.   DOI:  10.1074/jbc.M307321200 ;  PMID:  12912986
• Integrative gene-metabolite network with implemented causality deciphers informational fluxes of sulphur stress response.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/eri179 ;  PMID:  15911562
• Towards the proteome of Brassica napus phloem sap.   DOI:  10.1002/pmic.200500155 ;  PMID:  16400686
• The early responses of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to cadmium exposure explored by protein and metabolite profiling analyses.   DOI:  10.1002/pmic.200500543 ;  PMID:  16502469
• 26S proteasome regulatory particle mutants have increased oxidative stress tolerance.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03322.x ;  PMID:  17971041
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• Loss of 26S proteasome function leads to increased cell size and decreased cell number in Arabidopsis shoot organs.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.109.135970 ;  PMID:  19321709
• Regulation of leaf organ size by the Arabidopsis RPT2a 19S proteasome subunit.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03932.x ;  PMID:  19500299
• Arabidopsis sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors depends on 26S proteasome activity.   DOI:  10.1007/s00299-010-0818-8 ;  PMID:  20087596
• Affinity purification of the Arabidopsis 26 S proteasome reveals a diverse array of plant proteolytic complexes.   DOI:  10.1074/jbc.M110.136622 ;  PMID:  20516081
• RPT2a, a 26S proteasome AAA-ATPase, is directly involved in Arabidopsis CC-NBS-LRR protein uni-1D-induced signaling pathways.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcr099 ;  PMID:  21791544
• Arabidopsis RPT2a encoding the 26S proteasome subunit is required for various aspects of root meristem maintenance, and regulates gametogenesis redundantly with its homolog, RPT2b.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcr093 ;  PMID:  21784786
• Malformed selenoproteins are removed by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in Stanleya pinnata.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcs015 ;  PMID:  22323770
• RPN1a, a 26S proteasome subunit, is required for innate immunity in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05048.x ;  PMID:  22577987
• The Proteasome Acts as a Hub for Plant Immunity and Is Targeted by Pseudomonas Type III Effectors.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.16.00808 ;  PMID:  27613851
• Genetic Interactions Between BOB1 and Multiple 26S Proteasome Subunits Suggest a Role for Proteostasis in Regulating Arabidopsis Development.   DOI:  10.1534/g3.118.300496 ;  PMID:  29487187
• Structure, function and regulation of plant proteasomes.   DOI:  10.1016/j.biochi.2007.07.019 ;  PMID:  17825468
• Proteasomal Degradation of Proteins Is Important for the Proper Transcriptional Response to Sulfur Deficiency Conditions in Plants.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcaa076 ;  PMID:  32502259
• SINAT E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Mediate FREE1 and VPS23A Degradation to Modulate Abscisic Acid Signaling.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.20.00267 ;  PMID:  32753431
• Autophagic Degradation of the 26S Proteasome Is Mediated by the Dual ATG8/Ubiquitin Receptor RPN10 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.026 ;  PMID:  33961777
• Structural and functional analysis of the six regulatory particle triple-A ATPase subunits from the Arabidopsis 26S proteasome.   DOI:  10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00479.x ;  PMID:  10417703
• Structure and functional analysis of the 26S proteasome subunits from plants.   DOI:  10.1023/a:1006926322501 ;  PMID:  10363660
• A subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle required for ubiquitin-conjugate degradation and related to the COP9-signalosome and eIF3.   DOI:  10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81603-7 ;  PMID:  9741626
• Unexpected protein families including cell defense components feature in the N-myristoylome of a higher eukaryote.   DOI:  10.1074/jbc.M307321200 ;  PMID:  12912986
• The early responses of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to cadmium exposure explored by protein and metabolite profiling analyses.   DOI:  10.1002/pmic.200500543 ;  PMID:  16502469
• Membrane proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana using alternative solubilization techniques.   DOI:  10.1021/pr060525b ;  PMID:  17432890
• Analysis of the Arabidopsis cytosolic proteome highlights subcellular partitioning of central plant metabolism.   DOI:  10.1021/pr1009433 ;  PMID:  21166475

Sequences: