Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT4G25700
• Gene Symbol: B1, BCH1, BETA-OHASE 1, chy1
• Gene Name: BETA CAROTENOID HYDROXYLASE 1, beta-hydroxylase 1
• Description: beta-hydroxylase 1;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession: locus:2131381
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT4G25700.1     AT4G25700.2     AT4G25700.3

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)

Gene Ontology:

• GO:0016123  — acts upstream of or within — xanthophyll biosynthetic process
• GO:0016119  — acts upstream of or within — carotene metabolic process
• GO:0010291  — enables — carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity
• GO:0005506  — enables — iron ion binding
• GO:0009507  — located in — chloroplast

Germplasm Phenotype:

• b1  — Chlorophyll a/b ratio does not differ significantly from that of wildtype.
• b1  — In leaves, 30% and 45% decrease in violaxanthine and neoxanthine, respectively, and 18% increase in lutein compared to wildtype. &
• b1  — In seeds, lutein content is unchanged; zeaxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin are decreased; antheraxanthin is increased (all relative to wildtype). Increase total level of β-carotene-derived xanthophylls.
• b1  — Level of total carotenoid not significantly different from wild-type.
• b1  — No visible phenotype.
• b1 b2  — In leaves, &
• b1 b2  — In seeds, carotenoids levels were reduced to 40% of those of wildtype. &
• b1 b2  — Level of total carotenoid not significantly different from wild-type.
• b1 b2  — No visible phenotype.
• b1 b2  — Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) reduced to a much greater extent in both induction and amplitude compared to either single mutants.
• chy1 chy2  — Reduced conversion of &
• chy1 chy2 lut5  — Contains high levels of lutein.
• chy1 chy2 lut5  — No trace of β-carotene-derived xanthophylls.
• lut1 b1  — In leaves, 25% increase in zeinoxanthin levels; 25% and 35% reduction in violaxanthin and lutein, respectively; %beta;-Carotene increased by 35%; all in relation to single mutant lut1-2.
• lut1 b1  — In seeds, similar amounts of carotenoids relative to lut1 b2. Intermediate compared to Col and Ws parents. Higher levels of lutein compared to lut1 b2.
• lut1 b1  — Level of total carotenoid not significantly different from wild-type.
• lut1 b1  — No visible phenotype.
• lut1-2 b1 b2  — 20% less total carotenoids on a fresh weight basis compared to wildtype.
• lut1-2 b1 b2  — Chlorophyll a/b ratio is significantly higher than that of other genotypes.
• lut1-2 b1 b2  — In leaves: dramatic alteration in carotenoid composition: more than twice the levels of &
• lut1-2 b1 b2  — In seeds, total carotenoid levels 35% lower than that of lut1 b1 and lut1 b2 but lutein still accounts for 80% of total carotenoids. Most &
• lut1-2 b1 b2  — Smaller and paler than either parental wild-type ecotypes (Col and Ws).
• lut1-2 b1 b2  — Very rapid initial induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) but NPQ level was greatly reduced compared to wildtype levels and all other genotypes.
• lut1-3 b1 b2  — Completely lacks lutein.
• lut1-3 b1 b2  — Significant reduction of hydroxylated β-rings xanthophylls.

Function-related keywords:

• vascular leaf ,  shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen

Literature:

• The Arabidopsis LUT1 locus encodes a member of the cytochrome p450 family that is required for carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylation activity.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.2237237100 ;  PMID:  14709673
• Defining the primary route for lutein synthesis in plants: the role of Arabidopsis carotenoid beta-ring hydroxylase CYP97A3.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.0511207103 ;  PMID:  16492736
• Elucidation of the beta-carotene hydroxylation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.055 ;  PMID:  16890225
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• The evolution and function of carotenoid hydroxylases in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcp005 ;  PMID:  19147649
• A quadruple mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a β-carotene hydroxylation activity for LUT1/CYP97C1 and a regulatory role of xanthophylls on determination of the PSI/PSII ratio.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-12-50 ;  PMID:  22513258
• Chloroplast-localized PITP7 is essential for plant growth and photosynthetic function in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/ppl.13760 ;  PMID:  36004734
• Functional gene-mining for salt-tolerance genes with the power of Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03602.x ;  PMID:  18643972
• Functional gene-mining for salt-tolerance genes with the power of Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03602.x ;  PMID:  18643972

Sequences: