Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT3G50660
• Gene Symbol: AtDWF4, CLM, CYP90B1, DWF4, PSC1, SAV1, SNP2
• Gene Name: CLAM, CYTOCHROME P450 90B1, DWARF 4, PARTIALLY SUPPRESSING COI1 INSENSITIVITY TO JA 1, SHADE AVOIDANCE 1, SUPPRESSOR OF NPH4 2
• Description:
• TAIR Accession: locus:2101704
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0009001  — fruit — frucht (exact, German), fruto (exact, Spanish), 果実 (exact, Japanese), coenocarp (narrow), syncarp (narrow), aggregate fruit (broad), compound fruit (broad), dehiscent fruit (broad), diaspore (broad), indehiscent fruit (broad), multiple fruit (broad), propagule (broad)
• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009005  — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000232  — axillary bud meristem — meristema de yema axilar (Spanish, exact), 腋芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact), axillary meristem (related)
• PO:0009049  — inflorescence — inflorescencia (Spanish, exact), 花序 (Japanese, exact), Triticeae spike (narrow)

Gene Ontology:

• GO:0016132  — involved in — brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
• GO:0016132  — acts upstream of or within — brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
• GO:0048366  — acts upstream of or within — leaf development
• GO:0010012  — enables — steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity
• GO:0004497  — enables — monooxygenase activity
• GO:0020037  — enables — heme binding
• GO:0009741  — acts upstream of or within — response to brassinosteroid
• GO:0005506  — enables — iron ion binding
• GO:0005783  — located in — endoplasmic reticulum
• GO:0010268  — involved in — brassinosteroid homeostasis
• GO:0009826  — acts upstream of or within — unidimensional cell growth
• GO:0009867  — acts upstream of or within — jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
• GO:0010358  — acts upstream of or within — leaf shaping
• GO:0016705  — enables — oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
• GO:0016125  — involved in — sterol metabolic process
• GO:0007275  — involved in — multicellular organism development
• GO:0009753  — acts upstream of or within — response to jasmonic acid

Germplasm Phenotype:

• dwf4  — Dwarf, lack of cell elongation
• dwf4-101  — Dwarf phenotype.
• dwf4-101  — In the presence of 1 microM brassinazole, an inhibitor of brassinolide biosynthesis, the mutant hypocotyls display the same gravitropic time course as that of wildtype.
• dwf4-101  — Mutant hypocotyls are more sensitive to IAA treatment (inhibition of growth) than those of wildtype.
• dwf4-101  — Short hypocotyls when grown in dark conditions.
• dwf4-101  — Short stem, dark green and round leaves with short petioles. Has more lateral shoots than wildtype (Col).
• dwf4-101  — Similar phototropic response of etiolated hypocotyls compared to that of wildtype.
• dwf4-101 nph4-103  — Gravitropic curvature similar to that of wildtype (Col) when dark-grown. Over time however, the curvature becomes intermediate between that of the nph4 single mutant and wildtype.
• dwf4-101 nph4-103  — In the presence of 1 microM brassinazole, an inhibitor of brassinolide biosynthesis, the mutant hypocotyls display the same gravitropic time course as that of wildtype.
• dwf4-101 nph4-103  — Leaves and cotyledons are only weakly epinastic.
• dwf4-101 nph4-103  — Mutant hypocotyls are more sensitive to IAA treatment (inhibition of growth) than those of wildtype.
• dwf4-101 nph4-103  — Similar phototropic response of etiolated hypocotyls compared to that of wildtype.
• dwf4-102  — Completely infertile.

Function-related keywords:

• fruit ,  shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  root ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen ,  shoot axis apex ,  shoot axis apex ,  axillary bud meristem ,  root ,  root ,  inflorescence ,  inflorescence

Literature:

• The Arabidopsis dwarf1 mutant is defective in the conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol in brassinosteroid biosynthesis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.119.3.897 ;  PMID:  10069828
• Brassinosteroid-regulated gene expression.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.011003 ;  PMID:  12114578
• Brassinosteroid homeostasis in Arabidopsis is ensured by feedback expressions of multiple genes involved in its metabolism.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.104.058040 ;  PMID:  15908602
• The regulation of DWARF4 expression is likely a critical mechanism in maintaining the homeostasis of bioactive brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.105.067918 ;  PMID:  16407451
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• Rapid synthesis of auxin via a new tryptophan-dependent pathway is required for shade avoidance in plants.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.049 ;  PMID:  18394996
• A leaky mutation in DWARF4 reveals an antagonistic role of brassinosteroid in the inhibition of root growth by jasmonate in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.109.140202 ;  PMID:  19741050
• Brassinosteroid negatively regulates jasmonate inhibition of root growth in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.4161/psb.5.2.10399 ;  PMID:  20009521
• Simultaneous suppression of three genes related to brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis altered campesterol and BR contents, and led to a dwarf phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1007/s00299-010-0830-z ;  PMID:  20169349
• TCP1 modulates brassinosteroid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the key biosynthetic gene DWARF4 in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.109.069203 ;  PMID:  20435901
• Involvement of brassinosteroid signals in the floral-induction network of Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/erq241 ;  PMID:  20685730
• Auxin stimulates DWARF4 expression and brassinosteroid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04513.x ;  PMID:  21284753
• Brassinosteroid enhances jasmonate-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01042.x ;  PMID:  21545406
• Brassinosteroid perception in the epidermis controls root meristem size.   DOI:  10.1242/dev.061804 ;  PMID:  21270053
• TCP1 positively regulates the expression of DWF4 in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.4161/psb.6.8.15889 ;  PMID:  21822059
• Biosynthesis of a cholesterol-derived brassinosteroid, 28-norcastasterone, in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/err354 ;  PMID:  22170941
• BR signal influences Arabidopsis ovule and seed number through regulating related genes expression by BZR1.   DOI:  10.1093/mp/sss070 ;  PMID:  22914576
• Constitutive activation of brassinosteroid signaling in the Arabidopsis elongated-D/bak1 mutant.   DOI:  10.1007/s11103-012-9963-5 ;  PMID:  22961663
• Arabidopsis brassinosteroid-overproducing gulliver3-D/dwarf4-D mutants exhibit altered responses to jasmonic acid and pathogen.   DOI:  10.1007/s00299-012-1381-2 ;  PMID:  23297052
• BZR1 and BES1 participate in regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/ert094 ;  PMID:  23580754
• Arabidopsis thaliana RALF1 opposes brassinosteroid effects on root cell elongation and lateral root formation.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/eru099 ;  PMID:  24620000
• Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 12 (ATHB12), a homeodomain-leucine zipper protein, regulates leaf growth by promoting cell expansion and endoreduplication.   DOI:  10.1111/nph.12998 ;  PMID:  25187356
• TCP1 Modulates DWF4 Expression via Directly Interacting with the GGNCCC Motifs in the Promoter Region of DWF4 in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jgg.2015.04.009 ;  PMID:  26233893
• Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor JUB1 regulates GA/BR metabolism and signalling.   DOI:  10.1038/nplants.2016.13 ;  PMID:  27249348
• Characterization of synthetic ecdysteroid analogues as functional mimics of brassinosteroids in plant growth.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.003 ;  PMID:  28479230
• MLK1 and MLK2 Coordinate RGA and CCA1 Activity to Regulate Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.17.00830 ;  PMID:  29255112
• Coordination of Chloroplast Development through the Action of the GNC and GLK Transcription Factor Families.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.18.00414 ;  PMID:  30002259
• Photoexcited CRYPTOCHROME1 Interacts with Dephosphorylated BES1 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling and Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.17.00994 ;  PMID:  30131420
• phyB Interacts with BES1 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcy212 ;  PMID:  30388258
• Density effects on semi-dwarf and early flowering mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana under continuous light.   DOI:  10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.0912a ;  PMID:  31274995
• A loss-of-function mutation in the DWARF4/PETANKO5 gene enhances the late-flowering and semi-dwarf phenotypes of the Arabidopsis clock mutant lhy-12;cca1-101 under continuous light without affecting FLC expression.   DOI:  10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.0601a ;  PMID:  31274993
• Light Activates Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis to Promote Hook Opening and Petiole Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcaa053 ;  PMID:  32333772
• Melatonin Regulates Chloroplast Protein Quality Control via a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway.   DOI:  10.3390/antiox10040511 ;  PMID:  33806011
• Arabidopsis NF-YCs play dual roles in repressing brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling during light-regulated hypocotyl elongation.   DOI:  10.1093/plcell/koab112 ;  PMID:  33871651
• Gene co-expression network analysis identifies BEH3 as a stabilizer of secondary vascular development in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1093/plcell/koab151 ;  PMID:  34059919
• Arabidopsis zinc finger homeodomain transcription factor BRASSINOSTEROID-RELATED HOMEOBOX 2 acts as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid response.   DOI:  10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0115a ;  PMID:  35937534

Sequences: