Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT3G44880
• Gene Symbol: ACD1, LLS1, PAO
• Gene Name: ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 1, LETHAL LEAF-SPOT 1 HOMOLOG, PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE
• Description: Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession:
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT3G44880.1

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009001  — fruit — frucht (exact, German), fruto (exact, Spanish), 果実 (exact, Japanese), coenocarp (narrow), syncarp (narrow), aggregate fruit (broad), compound fruit (broad), dehiscent fruit (broad), diaspore (broad), indehiscent fruit (broad), multiple fruit (broad), propagule (broad)

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS3733  — develops lesions resembling those produced during a pathogen-induced rapid cell death response (the hypersensitive response, HR); unable to control the rate and extent of cell death after exposure to a variety of stimuli that induce senescence responses; substantial ion leakage as an indicator of the loss of integrity of cell menbranes and cell death; rapid and spreading necrotic responses to both virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola or pv. tomato pathogens and to ethylene; develops necrotic lesions with aging; sensitive to mechanical stress in a developmentally controlled manner; susceptible to opportunistic pathogens and exhibits decreased growth inhibition of a heterologous pathogen of bean.
• pao1  — In constant darkness chlorophyll is retained resulting in a stay-green phenotype.
• pao1  — This mutant develops a lesion-mimic phenotype on the leaves similar to that of several acd1 mutants. The lesions occur in a development-related, light-dependent fashion, coinciding with the initiation of leaf senescence in the wild-type. Premature cell death was observed in the flowers. Sepals and petals started to degrade earlier than that of wild-type, resulting in flowers that fail to fully open. 40% of seeds aborts at an early stage of development.

Function-related keywords:

• shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen ,  fruit ,  flower

Literature:

• The Arabidopsis-accelerated cell death gene ACD1 is involved in oxygenation of pheophorbide a: inhibition of the pheophorbide a oxygenase activity does not lead to the "stay-green" phenotype in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcg172 ;  PMID:  14701922
• Chlorophyll breakdown: pheophorbide a oxygenase is a Rieske-type iron-sulfur protein, encoded by the accelerated cell death 1 gene.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.2036571100 ;  PMID:  14657372
• Enhanced resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in the Arabidopsis thaliana ssi2 mutant is mediated via an SA-independent mechanism.   DOI:  10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.6.623 ;  PMID:  15195945
• Transcriptional divergence of the duplicated oxidative stress-responsive genes in the Arabidopsis genome.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02295.x ;  PMID:  15634198
• A small family of LLS1-related non-heme oxygenases in plants with an origin amongst oxygenic photosynthesizers.   DOI:  10.1023/B:PLAN.0000028766.61559.4c ;  PMID:  15159633
• Tetrapyrrole metabolism is involved in lesion formation, cell death, in the Arabidopsis lesion initiation 1 mutant.   DOI:  10.1271/bbb.69.1929 ;  PMID:  16244444
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• 7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase functions in metabolic channeling of chlorophyll breakdown intermediates during leaf senescence.   DOI:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.050 ;  PMID:  23200839
• Perception of Arabidopsis AtPep peptides, but not bacterial elicitors, accelerates starvation-induced senescence.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2015.00014 ;  PMID:  25667591
• PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF5) positively regulates dark-induced senescence and chlorophyll degradation in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.010 ;  PMID:  26089152
• EIN3 and ORE1 Accelerate Degreening during Ethylene-Mediated Leaf Senescence by Directly Activating Chlorophyll Catabolic Genes in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pgen.1005399 ;  PMID:  26218222
• SENESCENCE-SUPPRESSED PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE Directly Interacts with the Cytoplasmic Domain of SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE and Negatively Regulates Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.15.01112 ;  PMID:  26304848
• and ANAC019/055/072-mediated regulation of major chlorophyll catabolic genes.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.13030 ;  PMID:  26407000
• ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4 Promote ABA-Mediated Chlorophyll Degradation and Leaf Senescence by Transcriptional Activation of Chlorophyll Catabolic Genes and Senescence-Associated Genes in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.006 ;  PMID:  27373216
• Investigating the Control of Chlorophyll Degradation by Genomic Correlation Mining.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0162327 ;  PMID:  27618630
• A Role for TIC55 as a Hydroxylase of Phyllobilins, the Products of Chlorophyll Breakdown during Plant Senescence.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.16.00630 ;  PMID:  27655840
• Ethylene response factor AtERF72 negatively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana response to iron deficiency.   DOI:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.014 ;  PMID:  28390898
• Multiple intramolecular trafficking signals in RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 are engaged in activation of cell death and defense.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.14199 ;  PMID:  30552775
• Decrease of Arabidopsis PAO activity entails increased RBOH activity, ROS content and altered responses to Pseudomonas.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110372 ;  PMID:  32005378
• Shade represses photosynthetic genes by disrupting the DNA binding of GOLDEN2-LIKE1.   DOI:  10.1093/plphys/kiad029 ;  PMID:  36702576
• The abscisic acid-responsive element binding factors MAPKKK18 module regulates abscisic acid-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103060 ;  PMID:  36841482
• The Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast proteome reveals pathway abundance and novel protein functions.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2004.02.039 ;  PMID:  15028209
• Sorting signals, N-terminal modifications and abundance of the chloroplast proteome.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0001994 ;  PMID:  18431481

Sequences: