Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT3G16857
• Gene Symbol: ARR1, RR1
• Gene Name: response regulator 1, response regulator 1
• Description: response regulator 1;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession: locus:2093668
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT3G16857.1     AT3G16857.2     AT3G16857.3

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000025  — root tip — punta de la raíz (Spanish, exact), 根端 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000036  — leaf vascular system — sistema vascular de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉維管系 (Japanese, exact), leaf venation (related)
• PO:0005660  — hydathode — hidatodo (Spanish, exact), 排水組織 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0006079  — shoot system meristem — meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0006339  — juvenile vascular leaf — hoja juvenil (Spanish, exact), 維管束系幼葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009066  — anther — antera (Spanish, exact), 半葯,花粉のう (Japanese, exact), Poaceae anther (narrow), Zea anther (narrow)
• PO:0003000  — transition zone — zona de transición (Spanish, exact), 移行領域、移行帯、移行域 (Japanese, exact)

Gene Ontology:

• GO:0000976  — enables — transcription cis-regulatory region binding
• GO:0071368  — acts upstream of or within — cellular response to cytokinin stimulus
• GO:0010082  — acts upstream of or within — regulation of root meristem growth
• GO:0090506  — acts upstream of or within — axillary shoot meristem initiation
• GO:0009736  — acts upstream of or within — cytokinin-activated signaling pathway
• GO:0010492  — acts upstream of or within — maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity
• GO:0009414  — acts upstream of or within — response to water deprivation
• GO:0009735  — acts upstream of or within — response to cytokinin
• GO:0010082  — involved in — regulation of root meristem growth
• GO:0080036  — acts upstream of or within — regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway
• GO:0080036  — involved in — regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway
• GO:0009507  — located in — chloroplast
• GO:0005515  — enables — protein binding
• GO:0048367  — acts upstream of or within — shoot system development
• GO:0010380  — acts upstream of or within — regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
• GO:0080113  — acts upstream of or within — regulation of seed growth
• GO:0003700  — enables — DNA-binding transcription factor activity
• GO:0048364  — acts upstream of or within — root development
• GO:0000156  — enables — phosphorelay response regulator activity
• GO:0080022  — acts upstream of or within — primary root development
• GO:0005737  — located in — cytoplasm
• GO:0005634  — located in — nucleus
• GO:1990110  — acts upstream of or within — callus formation
• GO:0005829  — located in — cytosol
• GO:0031537  — acts upstream of or within — regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS39990  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition of primary root and hypocotyl growth.
• CS39992  — Almost complete loss of sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition of primary root and hypocotyl growth; Premature termination of primary root growth; Altered vascular morphogenesis; Reduced stature; Increased light sensitivity; Altered chlorophyll content.
• CS66983  — Reduced root insensitivity to cytokinin.
• CS6971  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6972  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6973  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6980  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6981  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6982  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6986  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6987  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS69876  — Hypersensitivity to cytokinin, reflected by short hypocotyl and root. Larger later leaves.
• CS69877  — Hypersensitivity to cytokinin, reflected by short hypocotyl and root. Larger later leaves.
• CS69878  — Hypersensitivity to cytokinin, reflected by short hypocotyl and root. Larger later leaves.
• CS69879  — Hypersensitivity to cytokinin, reflected by short hypocotyl and root. Larger later leaves.
• CS6988  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6989  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• CS6993  — Reduced sensitivity to cytokinin inhibition on root elongation and lateral root formation; no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene.
• ahk3-3 arr1-4  — The root-meristem size of the double mutant was indistinguishable from that of the ahk3 mutant.
• arr1-3 arr10-5 arr12-1  — Higher levels of anthocyanins than WT under both drought and well- watered control conditions.
• arr1-3 arr10-5 arr12-1  — The triple mutant showed enhanced drought tolerance versus WT plants, enhanced cell membrane integrity, increased anthocyanin biosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA) hypersensitivity, and reduced stomatal aperture, but not to altered stomatal density.
• arr1-3 arr10-5 arr12-1  — severe primary root abnormalities; premature termination of primary root growth; substantially reduced sensitivity to cytokinin in the hypocotyl growth response assay; smaller rosette diameter; altered chlorophyll and anthocyanin production.
• arr1-4  — The root meristems of the mutant were indistinguishable from those of the wild type up to 4 dpg but became larger at 5 dpg and kept increasing in size thereafter.
• arr1-4 arr12-2  — The development and size of the double mutant root meristems were comparable to those of ahk3-3 meristems.

Function-related keywords:

• root tip ,  leaf vascular system ,  hydathode ,  shoot system meristem ,  juvenile vascular leaf ,  anther ,  transition zone

Literature:

• Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes.   DOI:  10.1126/science.290.5499.2105 ;  PMID:  11118137
• ARR1, a transcription factor for genes immediately responsive to cytokinins.   DOI:  10.1126/science.1065201 ;  PMID:  11691951
• Two types of putative nuclear factors that physically interact with histidine-containing phosphotransfer (Hpt) domains, signaling mediators in His-to-Asp phosphorelay, in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pce011 ;  PMID:  11158442
• Two-component circuitry in Arabidopsis cytokinin signal transduction.   DOI:  10.1038/35096500 ;  PMID:  11574878
• Two-component signal transduction pathways in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.005504 ;  PMID:  12068096
• His-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction in higher plants: receptors and response regulators for cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1266/ggs.77.383 ;  PMID:  12589073
• In vivo and in vitro characterization of the ARR11 response regulator implicated in the His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcg014 ;  PMID:  12610214
• Cytokinin signal transduction in plant cells.   DOI:  10.1007/s10265-003-0094-6 ;  PMID:  12836044
• Expression profiling of cytokinin action in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.103.021436 ;  PMID:  12913156
• Comparative studies on the type-B response regulators revealing their distinctive properties in the His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction of Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcg154 ;  PMID:  14749483
• Activation of the Oryza sativa non-symbiotic haemoglobin-2 promoter by the cytokinin-regulated transcription factor, ARR1.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/erh211 ;  PMID:  15258171
• Multiple type-B response regulators mediate cytokinin signal transduction in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.105.035451 ;  PMID:  16227453
• Type-B ARR transcription factors, ARR10 and ARR12, are implicated in cytokinin-mediated regulation of protoxylem differentiation in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcl040 ;  PMID:  17132632
• Cytokinins determine Arabidopsis root-meristem size by controlling cell differentiation.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.047 ;  PMID:  17363254
• Three type-B response regulators, ARR1, ARR10 and ARR12, play essential but redundant roles in cytokinin signal transduction throughout the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcm165 ;  PMID:  18037673
• The transcriptional repressor ARR1-SRDX suppresses pleiotropic cytokinin activities in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.107.115436 ;  PMID:  18502977
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• Type B response regulators of Arabidopsis play key roles in cytokinin signaling and plant development.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.108.059584 ;  PMID:  18723577
• A genetic framework for the control of cell division and differentiation in the root meristem.   DOI:  10.1126/science.1164147 ;  PMID:  19039136
• Interaction of a plant pseudo-response regulator with a calmodulin-like protein.   DOI:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.016 ;  PMID:  20627089
• The rate of cell differentiation controls the Arabidopsis root meristem growth phase.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2010.05.035 ;  PMID:  20605455
• Type-B response regulators ARR1 and ARR12 regulate expression of AtHKT1;1 and accumulation of sodium in Arabidopsis shoots.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04366.x ;  PMID:  21105923
• Functional characterization of the CKRC1/TAA1 gene and dissection of hormonal actions in the Arabidopsis root.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04509.x ;  PMID:  21255165
• Autophosphorylation profiling of Arabidopsis protein kinases using the cell-free system.   DOI:  10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.029 ;  PMID:  21477822
• Cytokinin interplay with ethylene, auxin, and glucose signaling controls Arabidopsis seedling root directional growth.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.111.175794 ;  PMID:  21666052
• AUXIN UP-REGULATED F-BOX PROTEIN1 regulates the cross talk between auxin transport and cytokinin signaling during plant root growth.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.111.179812 ;  PMID:  21653785
• N-glucosyltransferase UGT76C2 is involved in cytokinin homeostasis and cytokinin response in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcr152 ;  PMID:  22051886
• Cytokinins enhance sugar-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1007/s10059-012-0114-2 ;  PMID:  22699753
• Arabidopsis response Regulator1 and Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer Protein2 (AHP2), AHP3, and AHP5 function in cold signaling.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.112.207621 ;  PMID:  23124324
• Glucosyltransferase UGT76C1 finely modulates cytokinin responses via cytokinin N-glucosylation in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.012 ;  PMID:  23416491
• Functional characterization of type-B response regulators in the Arabidopsis cytokinin response.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.112.208736 ;  PMID:  23482873
• In planta analysis of a cis-regulatory cytokinin response motif in Arabidopsis and identification of a novel enhancer sequence.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pct060 ;  PMID:  23620480
• Spatial coordination between stem cell activity and cell differentiation in the root meristem.   DOI:  10.1016/j.devcel.2013.06.025 ;  PMID:  23987513
• Cytokinins control endocycle onset by promoting the expression of an APC/C activator in Arabidopsis roots.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.051 ;  PMID:  24035544
• A novel protective function for cytokinin in the light stress response is mediated by the Arabidopsis histidine kinase2 and Arabidopsis histidine kinase3 receptors.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.113.224667 ;  PMID:  24424319
• Low temperature inhibits root growth by reducing auxin accumulation via ARR1/12.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcu217 ;  PMID:  25552473
• The co-chaperone p23 controls root development through the modulation of auxin distribution in the Arabidopsis root meristem.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/erv330 ;  PMID:  26163704
• Strigolactones spatially influence lateral root development through the cytokinin signaling network.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/erv478 ;  PMID:  26519957
• A SCARECROW-based regulatory circuit controls Arabidopsis thaliana meristem size from the root endodermis.   DOI:  10.1007/s00425-016-2471-0 ;  PMID:  26848984
• Arabidopsis type B cytokinin response regulators ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12 negatively regulate plant responses to drought.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.1600399113 ;  PMID:  26884175
• A multi-scale model of the interplay between cell signalling and hormone transport in specifying the root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.036 ;  PMID:  27157127
• Genome Wide Binding Site Analysis Reveals Transcriptional Coactivation of Cytokinin-Responsive Genes by DELLA Proteins.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pgen.1005337 ;  PMID:  26134422
• Cytokinin Regulates the Etioplast-Chloroplast Transition through the Two-Component Signaling System and Activation of Chloroplast-Related Genes.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.16.00640 ;  PMID:  27388681
• Shoot Removal Induces Chloroplast Development in Roots via Cytokinin Signaling.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.16.01368 ;  PMID:  28193764
• A Two-Step Model for de Novo Activation of WUSCHEL during Plant Shoot Regeneration.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.16.00863 ;  PMID:  28389585
• The interaction between glucose and cytokinin signaling in controlling Arabidopsis thaliana seedling root growth and development.   DOI:  10.1080/15592324.2017.1312241 ;  PMID:  28467152
• Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Specify the Shoot Stem Cell Niche by Dual Regulation of WUSCHEL.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.16.00640 ;  PMID:  28576846
• Simultaneous but spatially different regulation of non-photosynthetic callus formation and photosynthetic root development after shoot removal.   DOI:  10.1080/15592324.2017.1338999 ;  PMID:  28594268
• Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Directly Activate WUSCHEL.   DOI:  10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.007 ;  PMID:  28886911
• Wounding Triggers Callus Formation via Dynamic Hormonal and Transcriptional Changes.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.17.01035 ;  PMID:  28904073
• Type B Response Regulators Act As Central Integrators in Transcriptional Control of the Auxin Biosynthesis Enzyme TAA1.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.17.00878 ;  PMID:  28931628
• Regulation of Hormonal Control, Cell Reprogramming, and Patterning during De Novo Root Organogenesis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.17.00980 ;  PMID:  29233938
• A B-ARR-mediated cytokinin transcriptional network directs hormone cross-regulation and shoot development.   DOI:  10.1038/s41467-018-03921-6 ;  PMID:  29686312
• Cytokinin Targets Auxin Transport to Promote Shoot Branching.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.17.01691 ;  PMID:  29717021
• The Antagonistic Action of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin Signaling Mediates Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.molp.2018.05.001 ;  PMID:  29753021
• Ethylene-independent promotion of photomorphogenesis in the dark by cytokinin requires COP1 and the CDD complex.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/ery344 ;  PMID:  30272197
• The Lateral Root Cap Acts as an Auxin Sink that Controls Meristem Size.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.022 ;  PMID:  30880016
• miR156-targeted SPL10 controls Arabidopsis root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration via cytokinin responses.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/erz475 ;  PMID:  31642910
• A PXY-Mediated Transcriptional Network Integrates Signaling Mechanisms to Control Vascular Development in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.19.00562 ;  PMID:  31806676
• Cytokinin-induced protein synthesis suppresses growth and osmotic stress tolerance.   DOI:  10.1111/nph.16519 ;  PMID:  32129886
• The Type-B Cytokinin Response Regulator ARR1 Inhibits Shoot Regeneration in an ARR12-Dependent Manner in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.19.00022 ;  PMID:  32398274
• A Self-Organized PLT/Auxin/ARR-B Network Controls the Dynamics of Root Zonation Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.004 ;  PMID:  32386600
• The pre-mRNA splicing factor RDM16 regulates root stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/jipb.13006 ;  PMID:  32790237
• The Cytokinin Status of the Epidermis Regulates Aspects of Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2021.613488 ;  PMID:  33732273
• Coordinated cytokinin signaling and auxin biosynthesis mediates arsenate-induced root growth inhibition.   DOI:  10.1093/plphys/kiaa072 ;  PMID:  33793921
• Bootstrapping and Pinning down the Root Meristem; the Auxin-PLT-ARR Network Unites Robustness and Sensitivity in Meristem Growth Control.   DOI:  10.3390/ijms22094731 ;  PMID:  33946960
• MPK3/6-induced degradation of ARR1/10/12 promotes salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.15252/embr.202152457 ;  PMID:  34402578
• Arabidopsis ATXR2 represses de novo shoot organogenesis in the transition from callus to shoot formation.   DOI:  10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109980 ;  PMID:  34758306
• Interaction of brassinosteroid and cytokinin promotes ovule initiation and increases seed number per silique in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/jipb.13197 ;  PMID:  34837335
• Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.2105021118 ;  PMID:  34815339
• Arabidopsis TIE1 and TIE2 transcriptional repressors dampen cytokinin response during root development.   DOI:  10.1126/sciadv.abn5057 ;  PMID:  36083905
• RAV1 mediates cytokinin signaling for regulating primary root growth in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.16039 ;  PMID:  36423224
• The Mutual Inhibition between PLETHORAs and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Controls Root Zonation.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcad001 ;  PMID:  36611272
• Histidine kinase inhibitors impair shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana via cytokinin signaling and SAM patterning determinants.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2022.894208 ;  PMID:  36684719
• Characterization of promoter elements of isoprene-responsive genes and the ability of isoprene to bind START domain transcription factors.   DOI:  10.1002/pld3.483 ;  PMID:  36742092
• Cytokinin signaling promotes root hair growth by directly regulating RSL4 expression.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/erad091 ;  PMID:  36912789
• Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes.   DOI:  10.1126/science.290.5499.2105 ;  PMID:  11118137
• Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative analysis among eukaryotes.   DOI:  10.1126/science.290.5499.2105 ;  PMID:  11118137

Sequences: