Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT2G44950
• Gene Symbol: HUB1, RDO4
• Gene Name: histone mono-ubiquitination 1, REDUCED DORMANCY 4
• Description: histone mono-ubiquitination 1;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession:
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT2G44950.1     AT2G44950.2

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009005  — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000013  — cauline leaf — hoja caulinar (Spanish, exact), 茎生葉、茎葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0006339  — juvenile vascular leaf — hoja juvenil (Spanish, exact), 維管束系幼葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0006340  — adult vascular leaf — hoja adulta (Spanish, exact), 維管束系の成葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009001  — fruit — frucht (exact, German), fruto (exact, Spanish), 果実 (exact, Japanese), coenocarp (narrow), syncarp (narrow), aggregate fruit (broad), compound fruit (broad), dehiscent fruit (broad), diaspore (broad), indehiscent fruit (broad), multiple fruit (broad), propagule (broad)
• PO:0009047  — stem — caña (Spanish, exact), culm (exact), eje primario (Spanish, exact), primary axis (exact), primary stem (exact), tallo (Spanish, exact), tronco (Spanish, exact), 茎 (Japanese, exact), bole (narrow), cane (narrow), caudex (narrow), caudices (narrow), core (narrow), primocane (narrow), scape (narrow), stalk (narrow), trunk (narrow)

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS6134  — Double mutant, reduced seed dormancy determined by the embryo; increased ability to germinate as freshly harvested seeds compared to each of the monogenic mutants; cumulative effect of the individual mutations suggest that they control different pathways; high capacity to germinate in darkness.
• CS6136  — Double mutant, reduced seed dormancy determined by the embryo; increased ability to germinate as freshly harvested seeds compared to each of the monogenic mutants; cumulative effect of the individual mutations suggest that they control different pathways; reduced capacity to germinate in darkness.
• CS6138  — Double mutant, reduced seed dormancy determined by the embryo; increased ability to germinate as freshly harvested seeds compared to each of the monogenic mutants; cumulative effect of the individual mutations suggest that they control different pathways; weak capacity to germinate in darkness.
• CS6139  — Reduced seed dormancy determined by the embryo; ability to germinate as freshly harvested seeds; high capacity to germinate in darkness; same sensitivity to gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors as the wt; pale green leaf color, bushy appearance, flower buds are relatively open.
• CS9777  — reduced seed dormancy; pale-green leaves; bushy appearance
• CS9778  — reduced seed dormancy; pale-green leaves; bushy appearance
• hub1-1  — Reduced leaf size and narrow laminae.
• hub1-1  — The lamina area of mature first and second mutant leaves was reduced to 55% of that of the wild type. The length:width ratio was significantly increased, reflecting a much stronger reduction in width than in length of the blade. The mutation also affected rosette growth, reducing fresh and dry weight at flowering by 40 and 39%, respectively.
• hub1-1  — The mutant primary roots grew much more slowly than those of the wild type. No differences between mutant and WT were seen regarding cellular organization or cell wall formation in the root apical meristem. However, a clear reduction in meristem size was detected. The root growth rate of the mutant was severely reduced and no acceleration of growth took place. The average mature cortex cell length was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced from 171 μm in WT to 104 μm in hub1-1, whereas the cell production per hour had decreased by 65%, from 1.26 in Ler to 0.44 in hub1-1.
• hub1-1  — The number of palisade cells across mutant lamina was 44% that of those in wild type, resulting in narrow leaf shape of the mutant. In addition to reduced cell numbers, distribution and size of the mesophyll cells were irregular with some enlarged cells and the air spaces were increased.
• hub1-1  — The stomatal index was consistently reduced in all hub1-1 when compared with Ler samples, suggesting that a proportion of leaf epidermal cells of hub1-1 exit the mitotic cell cycle early. The stomatal index (i.e., the fraction of epidermal cells that are guard cells) increased more slowly in hub1-1 than in Ler between 5 and 8 DAS, with final values of 0.23 and 0.35 on average for hub1-1 and Ler, respectively. As a result, in mature leaves of hub1-1, fewer stomata were present, a difference that originated at the same time when division rates were changed.
• hub1-2  — Pleiotropic phenotypes, such as pale-green leaf color, increased bushy appearance, and more open flower buds.
• hub1-2  — Reduced seed dormancy phenotype.
• hub1-2  — Reduced seed longevity.
• hub1-2  — The chlorophyll content index in the mutant is lower than in wild type.
• hub1-2  — The growth of hub1-2 seedlings on medium without sucrose is severely delayed compared with wild-type seedlings. Addition of 1.5% sucrose to the medium can rescue the delayed development of hub1-2, suggesting a defect in seedling establishment.
• hub1-3  — Mutant growth was defective compared with that of wild type. The mutants were reduced in size and had pale-green laminas with an irregular blade surface and thinner inflorescence stems, but root growth was not visibly reduced. Furthermore, the fresh weight of mutant was approximately half of that of wild type.
• hub1-3  — Slightly reduced seed dormancy compared with wild-type seeds.
• hub1-3  — The chlorophyll content index in the mutant is lower than in wild type.
• hub1-3 hub2-2  — The chlorophyll content index of the double mutant did not differ from the single mutants, and the germination percentage of freshly harvested seeds was slightly higher than that of the single mutants.
• hub1-4  — Increased susceptibility to fungal pathogens B. cinerea and A. brassicicola. Early flowering when grown under long days.
• hub1-4  — Mutant growth was defective compared with that of wild type. The mutants were reduced in size and had pale-green laminas with an irregular blade surface and thinner inflorescence stems, but root growth was not visibly reduced. Furthermore, the fresh weight of mutant was approximately half of that of wild type.
• hub1-4  — Reduced seed dormancy phenotype.
• hub1-4  — The chlorophyll content index in the mutant is lower than in wild type.
• hub1-4  — The flowering of hub1-4 mutants is accelerated compared to wild type plants under long days and short days. In addition, the plants are small and have pale green leaves. Histone2B ubiquitination is lost in hub1-4 mutants. FLC expression is suppressed in these mutants. There are gene-specific changes in the patterns of histone ubiquitination and methylation in this mutant.
• hub1-5  — Reduced seed dormancy phenotype.
• hub1-5  — The chlorophyll content index in the mutant is lower than in wild type.
• hub1-5  — The flowering of hub1-5 mutants is accelerated compared to wild type plants under long days and short days. In addition, the plants are small and have pale green leaves.
• hub1-5 hub2-2  — Same phenotypes as the single mutants.
• hub1-6  — Increased susceptibility to fungal pathogens B. cinerea and A. brassicicola. Early flowering when grown under 12 hour light regime. Reduced thickness of the cell walls.
• hub2-1 hub1-3  — No new leaf and flower phenotypes were observed compared to the single mutant parents, and the biomass of the double mutant lines fell statistically in the same group as that of both single parents.
• spt16-1 hub1-3  — Reduced leaf size. Leaf shape resembles that of spt16-1 single mutant. Earlier flowering than either single mutant.
• ssrp1-2 hub1-4  — Very reduced leaf size.Leaf shape resembles that if ssrp1-2 single mutant.Earlier flowering than either single mutant.

Function-related keywords:

• shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  root ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen ,  cauline leaf ,  juvenile vascular leaf ,  adult vascular leaf ,  fruit ,  root ,  plant embryo ,  flower ,  stem ,  pollen

Literature:

• Evaluation and classification of RING-finger domains encoded by the Arabidopsis genome.   DOI:  10.1186/gb-2002-3-4-research0016 ;  PMID:  11983057
• Experimental analysis of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome highlights signaling and regulatory components, provides assessment of targeting prediction programs, and indicates plant-specific mitochondrial proteins.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.016055 ;  PMID:  14671022
• The Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of yeast BRE1 has a function in cell cycle regulation during early leaf and root growth.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.106.041319 ;  PMID:  17329565
• The absence of histone H2B monoubiquitination in the Arabidopsis hub1 (rdo4) mutant reveals a role for chromatin remodeling in seed dormancy.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.106.049221 ;  PMID:  17329563
• The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, AtUBC1 and AtUBC2, play redundant roles and are involved in activation of FLC expression and repression of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03684.x ;  PMID:  18798874
• Histone H2B monoubiquitination in the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.108.062760 ;  PMID:  18849490
• Repression of the floral transition via histone H2B monoubiquitination.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03709.x ;  PMID:  18980658
• HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 interacts with a subunit of the mediator complex and regulates defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.108.062364 ;  PMID:  19286969
• The transcript elongation factor FACT affects Arabidopsis vegetative and reproductive development and genetically interacts with HUB1/2.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04096.x ;  PMID:  19947984
• The role of the transcript elongation factors FACT and HUB1 in leaf growth and the induction of flowering.   DOI:  10.4161/psb.5.6.11646 ;  PMID:  20404555
• Identification of the Arabidopsis REDUCED DORMANCY 2 gene uncovers a role for the polymerase associated factor 1 complex in seed dormancy.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0022241 ;  PMID:  21799800
• A novel role for histone methyltransferase KYP/SUVH4 in the control of Arabidopsis primary seed dormancy.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03969.x ;  PMID:  22122546
• Systematic identification of functional plant modules through the integration of complementary data sources.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.112.196725 ;  PMID:  22589469
• Histone H2B monoubiquitination facilitates the rapid modulation of gene expression during Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pgen.1002825 ;  PMID:  22829781
• Histone H2B monoubiquitination is required to reach maximal transcript levels of circadian clock genes in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05071.x ;  PMID:  22762858
• Is HUB1 a hub for plant fitness?   DOI:  10.4161/psb.22326 ;  PMID:  23073007
• Histone H2B monoubiquitination is involved in the regulation of cutin and wax composition in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pct182 ;  PMID:  24319075
• Histone H2B monoubiquitination is involved in regulating the dynamics of microtubules during the defense response to Verticillium dahliae toxins in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.113.234567 ;  PMID:  24567190
• Monoubiquitination of histone 2B at the disease resistance gene locus regulates its expression and impacts immune responses in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.113.227801 ;  PMID:  24664204
• and hetero-dimers in rice.   DOI:  10.1080/15592324.2015.1039212 ;  PMID:  25955387
• Histone H2B monoubiquitination regulates salt stress-induced microtubule depolymerization in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/pce.12950 ;  PMID:  28337773
• The Arabidopsis Chromatin-Remodeling Factor CHR5 Regulates Plant Immune Responses and Nucleosome Occupancy.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcx155 ;  PMID:  29048607
• H2Bub1 Regulates RbohD-Dependent Hydrogen Peroxide Signal Pathway in the Defense Responses to Verticillium dahliae Toxins.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.19.00913 ;  PMID:  31666300
• AtUBL5 regulates growth and development through pre-mRNA splicing in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0224795 ;  PMID:  31730612
• Function of histone H2B monoubiquitination in transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1038/s42003-021-01733-x ;  PMID:  33589721
• The SNF5-type protein BUSHY regulates seed germination via the gibberellin pathway and is dependent on HUB1 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1007/s00425-021-03767-1 ;  PMID:  35006338
• Multiple chromatin-associated modules regulate expression of an intracellular immune receptor gene in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/nph.18672 ;  PMID:  36509711
• The SMC5/6 complex recruits the PAF1 complex to facilitate DNA double-strand break repair in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.15252/embj.2022112756 ;  PMID:  36815434
• A mutational analysis of leaf morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1093/genetics/152.2.729 ;  PMID:  10353913
• Characterization of mutants with reduced seed dormancy at two novel rdo loci and a further characterization of rdo1 and rdo2 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150415.x ;  PMID:  12121467
• Experimental analysis of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome highlights signaling and regulatory components, provides assessment of targeting prediction programs, and indicates plant-specific mitochondrial proteins.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.016055 ;  PMID:  14671022
• The Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of yeast BRE1 has a function in cell cycle regulation during early leaf and root growth.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.106.041319 ;  PMID:  17329565
• Repertoire of plant RING E3 ubiquitin ligases revisited: New groups counting gene families and single genes.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0203442 ;  PMID:  30169501

Sequences: