Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT2G31660
• Gene Symbol: EMA1, GIR1, SAD2, URM9
• Gene Name: enhanced miRNA activity 1, GROWTH INHIBITION RELIEVED 1, SUPER SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2, UNARMED 9
• Description: ARM repeat superfamily protein;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession: locus:2065939
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT2G31660.1

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009005  — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009001  — fruit — frucht (exact, German), fruto (exact, Spanish), 果実 (exact, Japanese), coenocarp (narrow), syncarp (narrow), aggregate fruit (broad), compound fruit (broad), dehiscent fruit (broad), diaspore (broad), indehiscent fruit (broad), multiple fruit (broad), propagule (broad)
• PO:0009047  — stem — caña (Spanish, exact), culm (exact), eje primario (Spanish, exact), primary axis (exact), primary stem (exact), tallo (Spanish, exact), tronco (Spanish, exact), 茎 (Japanese, exact), bole (narrow), cane (narrow), caudex (narrow), caudices (narrow), core (narrow), primocane (narrow), scape (narrow), stalk (narrow), trunk (narrow)

Gene Ontology:

• GO:0005737  — located in — cytoplasm
• GO:0031267  — enables — small GTPase binding
• GO:0006606  — acts upstream of or within — protein import into nucleus
• GO:0006606  — involved in — protein import into nucleus
• GO:0005515  — enables — protein binding
• GO:0005635  — is active in — nuclear envelope
• GO:0005829  — is active in — cytosol
• GO:0005634  — located in — nucleus

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS65878  — Severely reduced trichome induction in response to mechanical wounding or methyl jasmonate treatment. Seed germination may be slightly delayed.
• SALK_133577  — Hypersensitive to ABA in seed germination and seedling growth.
• sad2-1  — Hypersensitive to ABA in seed germination and seedling growth.
• urm9  — urm9 mutant leaves produce fewer trichomes than wild-type (ca. 30% reduction). Morphology and branching number of urm9 trichomes are normal.
• urm9 gl1-2  — urm9 enhances the hypomorphic gl1-2 allele and results in almost complete glabrousness (loss of trichomes) in normal growth condition. urm9 gl1-2 double mutant shows strong, but not complete, defect in wounding and jasmonate-induced increase of trichomes. GL3-GFP fusion protein is mis-localized in a subset of urm9 gl1-2 epidermal cell nuclei. urm9 is recessive in gl1-2 background. gl1-2 is incompletely dominant in urm9 background.

Function-related keywords:

• shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  root ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen ,  fruit ,  root ,  vascular leaf ,  stem

Literature:

• HASTY, the Arabidopsis ortholog of exportin 5/MSN5, regulates phase change and morphogenesis.   DOI:  10.1242/dev.00362 ;  PMID:  12620976
• Nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins in plants: implications for the regulation of environmental and developmental signalling.   DOI:  10.1007/s00294-003-0444-x ;  PMID:  14523572
• Mutation of SAD2, an importin beta-domain protein in Arabidopsis, alters abscisic acid sensitivity.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02833.x ;  PMID:  16889648
• Identification, cloning and characterization of sis7 and sis10 sugar-insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-8-104 ;  PMID:  18854047
• In silico comparison of transcript abundances during Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max resistance to Fusarium virguliforme.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2164-9-S2-S6 ;  PMID:  18831797
• Jasmonic acid control of GLABRA3 links inducible defense and trichome patterning in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1242/dev.030585 ;  PMID:  19234066
• SAD2 in Arabidopsis functions in trichome initiation through mediating GL3 function and regulating GL1, TTG1 and GL2 expression.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00695.x ;  PMID:  18713401
• Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type and gl3-sst sim trichomes identifies four additional genes required for trichome development.   DOI:  10.1093/mp/ssp037 ;  PMID:  19626137
• An importin β protein negatively regulates MicroRNA activity in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.111.091058 ;  PMID:  21984696
• TRANSPORTIN1 Promotes the Association of MicroRNA with ARGONAUTE1 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.16.00384 ;  PMID:  27662897
• and H(2) O(2) -mediated cell death in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.14544 ;  PMID:  31565820
• An importin-beta-like protein mediates lignin-modification-induced dwarfism in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.14701 ;  PMID:  31972869
• The Small GTPase Superfamily in Plants: A Conserved Regulatory Module with Novel Functions.   DOI:  10.1146/annurev-arplant-112619-025827 ;  PMID:  32442390
• Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana Gene SAD2 in Response to Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000.   DOI:  10.3390/ijms24044229 ;  PMID:  36835638
• Long noncoding RNA ARTA controls ABA response through MYB7 nuclear trafficking in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.003 ;  PMID:  37290444
• Regulation of FLC nuclear import by coordinated action of the NUP62-subcomplex and importin β SAD2.   DOI:  10.1111/jipb.13540 ;  PMID:  37278318
• SAD2, an importin -like protein, is required for UV-B response in Arabidopsis by mediating MYB4 nuclear trafficking.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.106.048900 ;  PMID:  17993626

Sequences: