Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT2G30410
• Gene Symbol: KIS, TFCA
• Gene Name: KIESEL, TUBULIN FOLDING FACTOR A
• Description: tubulin folding cofactor A (KIESEL);(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession:
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT2G30410.1     AT2G30410.2     AT2G30410.3

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009005  — root — raíz (Spanish, exact), radices (exact, plural), radix (exact), 根 (Japanese, exact), aerial root (narrow), climbing root (narrow)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0000084  — plant sperm cell — célula espermática o esperma (Spanish, exact), male gamete (exact), microgamete (exact), 植物精子細胞 (Japanese, exact), sperm nucleus (related), sperm cell (broad)
• PO:0025195  — pollen tube cell — célula del tubo polínico (Spanish, exact), 花粉管細胞 (Japanese, exact)

Germplasm Phenotype:

• elc kis-T1  — Epidermal pavement cells are strongly reduced in size.
• elc kis-T1  — Increase in the frequency of trichomes with more stems.
• elc kis-T1  — Leaf architecture is grossly disturbed.
• elc kis-T1  — Many cells contain multiple nuclei and nuclear anomalies.
• elc kis-T1  — Synergistic phenotype compared to both single mutants.
• kis  — Embryo defective, enlarged embryo cells and endosperm nuclei
• kis-T1  — Compared with wild-type trichomes, which normally are three-branched, the mutant has trichomes that are either two-branched or unbranched. Trichome stems and trichome branches are reduced in length, and the tips often are blunted.
• kis-T1  — In leaf sections, mesophyll cells are frequently highly enlarged with one large nucleus. In some cases, the enlarged cells possesse incomplete cell walls and contain several nuclei.
• kis-T1  — Male and female sterile. Male and female meiosis and/or early stages of gametophytic development are impaired. On the male side, the tetrad containing the four meiotic products seem to be normal initially, but before the release of the four microspores, nuclei appear to be fragmented. This phenotype is not fully penetrant. Approximately 5% of the released microspores are arrested at the binucleate stage, and 3% are arrested at the trinucleate stage, whereas the remaining microspores have collapsed. A few microspores germinate and form a pollen tube within the anther. On the female side, ovule development started normally. However, at floral stage 12, when meiosis is completed in the wild type (Schneitz, 1995) and embryo sac development has proceeded to the binucleate stage, the mutants still lack an embryo sac.
• kis-T1  — No cell division defects are found in the root.
• kis-T1  — Root cortical cells and epidermal hypocotyl cells of the mutant are indistinguishable from the wild type under normal growth conditions.
• kis-T1  — Whereas, under normal light conditions, wild-type and mutant hypocotyls are similar in length. However, in the dark, hypocotyl elongation is much reduced in the mutants compared with the wild type. Epidermal hypocotyl cells are bulged and short, indicating that they have lost growth polarity.

Function-related keywords:

• shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  root ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen ,  plant sperm cell ,  pollen tube cell ,  pollen

Literature:

• The Arabidopsis PILZ group genes encode tubulin-folding cofactor orthologs required for cell division but not cell growth.   DOI:  10.1101/gad.221702 ;  PMID:  11959844
• The Arabidopsis TUBULIN-FOLDING COFACTOR A gene is involved in the control of the alpha/beta-tubulin monomer balance.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.003020 ;  PMID:  12215519
• Qualitative network models and genome-wide expression data define carbon/nitrogen-responsive molecular machines in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1186/gb-2007-8-1-r7 ;  PMID:  17217541
• Comparative mapping of Brassica juncea and Arabidopsis thaliana using Intron Polymorphism (IP) markers: homoeologous relationships, diversification and evolution of the A, B and C Brassica genomes.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2164-9-113 ;  PMID:  18315867
• Transcriptome analyses show changes in gene expression to accompany pollen germination and tube growth in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.126375 ;  PMID:  18775970
• Prefoldin 6 is required for normal microtubule dynamics and organization in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.0808652105 ;  PMID:  19004800
• Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type and gl3-sst sim trichomes identifies four additional genes required for trichome development.   DOI:  10.1093/mp/ssp037 ;  PMID:  19626137
• Crystal structure of tubulin folding cofactor A from Arabidopsis thaliana and its beta-tubulin binding characterization.   DOI:  10.1016/j.febslet.2010.07.017 ;  PMID:  20638386
• Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of tubulin-folding cofactor A from Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1107/S1744309110023900 ;  PMID:  20693679
• Genome-wide identification of EMBRYO-DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes required for growth and development in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/nph.16071 ;  PMID:  31334862
• The Arabidopsis PILZ group genes encode tubulin-folding cofactor orthologs required for cell division but not cell growth.   DOI:  10.1101/gad.221702 ;  PMID:  11959844
• The Arabidopsis TUBULIN-FOLDING COFACTOR A gene is involved in the control of the alpha/beta-tubulin monomer balance.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.003020 ;  PMID:  12215519
• Analysis of protein complexes in Arabidopsis leaves using size exclusion chromatography and label-free protein correlation profiling.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.004 ;  PMID:  28627464

Sequences: